How to format your references using the Frontiers in Microbial Immunology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Frontiers in Microbial Immunology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Wager, J. F. (2003). Applied physics. Transparent electronics. Science 300, 1245–1246.

A journal article with 2 authors

Soo, V. W. C., and Wood, T. K. (2013). Antitoxin MqsA represses curli formation through the master biofilm regulator CsgD. Sci. Rep. 3, 3186.

A journal article with 3 authors

Heinsohn, R., Legge, S., and Endler, J. A. (2005). Extreme reversed sexual dichromatism in a bird without sex role reversal. Science 309, 617–619.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Reilly, J., Stone, P. H., Forest, C. E., Webster, M. D., Jacoby, H. D., and Prinn, R. G. (2001). Climate change. Uncertainty and climate change assessments. Science 293, 430–433.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Ji, Z.-G. (2017). Hydrodynamics and Water Quality. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Barga, R. (2015). Predictive Analytics with Microsoft Azure Machine Learning., Second Edition, eds. V. Fontama and W. H. Tok. Berkeley, CA: Apress.

A chapter in an edited book

Pye, K., and Tsoar, H. (2009). “Mechanics of Aeolian Sand Transport,” in Aeolian Sand and Sand Dunes, ed. H. Tsoar (Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer), 99–139.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Frontiers in Microbial Immunology.

Blog post

Luntz, S. (2014). Roman Concrete Insight Could Help Build A Safer World. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1990). Children’s Issues: A Decade of GAO Reports and Recent Activities. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Simonsen, A. E. (2010). Risk and resilience: Girls’ experiences navigating space and relationships in a secure residential facility. Washington, DC: George Washington University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Ortved, J. (2017). Shifting Focus To Men’s Shoes. New York Times, D2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Wager, 2003).
This sentence cites two references (Wager, 2003; Soo and Wood, 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Soo and Wood, 2013)
Three or more authors: (Reilly et al., 2001)

About the journal

Full journal title	Frontiers in Microbial Immunology
Abbreviation	Front. Immunol.
ISSN (online)	1664-3224
Scope