How to format your references using the Frontiers in Pharmaceutical Medicine and Outcomes Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Frontiers in Pharmaceutical Medicine and Outcomes Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Newman, D. K. (2010). Microbiology. Feasting on minerals. Science 327, 793–794.

A journal article with 2 authors

Bernèche, S., and Roux, B. (2001). Energetics of ion conduction through the K+ channel. Nature 414, 73–77.

A journal article with 3 authors

Gerke, J., Lorenz, K., and Cohen, B. (2009). Genetic interactions between transcription factors cause natural variation in yeast. Science 323, 498–501.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Yanik, M. F., Cinar, H., Cinar, H. N., Chisholm, A. D., Jin, Y., and Ben-Yakar, A. (2004). Neurosurgery: functional regeneration after laser axotomy. Nature 432, 822.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Ibrahim, D. (2006). Microcontroller Based Applied Digital Control. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Trobaugh, J. J. (2012). Winning LEGO MINDSTORMS Programming., ed. M. Lowe. Berkeley, CA: Apress.

A chapter in an edited book

Szabó, G., Szolnoki, A., and Vukov, J. (2010). “Mechanisms Supporting Cooperation for the Evolutionary Prisoner’s Dilemma Games,” in Econophysics and Economics of Games, Social Choices and Quantitative Techniques, eds. B. Basu, S. R. Chakravarty, B. K. Chakrabarti, and K. Gangopadhyay (Milano: Springer), 24–31.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Frontiers in Pharmaceutical Medicine and Outcomes Research.

Blog post

Hale, T. (2016). A Decade Of Work Has Decoded This Ancient Greek Astronomy “Computer.” IFLScience. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/space/a-decade-of-work-has-decoded-this-ancient-greek-astronomy-computer/ (Accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1970). Possible Irregularities in the Operation of a Former Neighborhood Youth Corps Project. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Laubacher, T. L. (2016). Simplifying “Inherently Governmental” Functions: Choosing between a Principled Approach or More of the Same. Washington, DC: George Washington University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

McKINLEY, J. C., Jr (2017). A Murder Trial in Which the Gunman Is Unknown. New York Times, A24.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Newman, 2010).
This sentence cites two references (Bernèche and Roux, 2001; Newman, 2010).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Bernèche and Roux, 2001)
Three or more authors: (Yanik et al., 2004)

About the journal

Full journal title	Frontiers in Pharmaceutical Medicine and Outcomes Research
Abbreviation	Front. Pharmacol.
ISSN (online)	1663-9812
Scope	Pharmacology (medical) Pharmacology