How to format your references using the Frontiers in Psychiatry citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Frontiers in Psychiatry. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Oka T. Vibrational dynamics. Taming CH₅⁺, the “enfant terrible” of chemical structures. Science (2015) 347:1313–1314.

A journal article with 2 authors

Alici KB, Gallardo IF. Detecting secondary structure and surface orientation of helical peptide monolayers from resonant hybridization signals. Sci Rep (2013) 3:2956.

A journal article with 3 authors

McCormick MI, Watson S-A, Munday PL. Ocean acidification reverses competition for space as habitats degrade. Sci Rep (2013) 3:3280.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Choi DH, Wang Q, Azuma Y, Majima Y, Warner JH, Miyata Y, Shinohara H, Kitaura R. Fabrication and characterization of fully flattened carbon nanotubes: a new graphene nanoribbon analogue. Sci Rep (2013) 3:1617.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Gage LJ. Hand-Rearing Wild and Domestic Mammals. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd. (2008).

An edited book

Dahlhaus R, Kurths J, Maass P, Timmer J eds. Mathematical Methods in Signal Processing and Digital Image Analysis. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer. (2008). XIV, 294 p. 109 illus., 13 illus. in color p.

A chapter in an edited book

Fisch MJ. “Fatigue.,” In: Ettinger DS, editor. Supportive Care in Cancer Therapy. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press (2009). p. 87–107

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Frontiers in Psychiatry.

Blog post

Andrew E. Mauna a Wakea: Hawai’i’s Sacred Mountain And The Contentious Thirty Meter Telescope. IFLScience (2015) https://www.iflscience.com/space/mauna-wakea-hawaii-s-sacred-mountain-and-contentious-thirty-meter-telescope/ [Accessed October 30, 2018]

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Congressional Relations Activities, 1950-1983: Smith Blair, Charles E. Eckert, Martin J. Fitzgerald, and L. Fred Thompson. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. (1990).

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Datta A. Speech Synthesis Using Unsupervised Learning. [Doctoral dissertation]. Long Beach, CA: California State University, Long Beach. (2017).

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Vecsey G. Baggage, New and Old, Arrives at Citi Field. New York Times (2011)D5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (1).
This sentence cites two references (1,2).
This sentence cites four references (1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	Frontiers in Psychiatry
Abbreviation	Front. Psychiatry
ISSN (online)	1664-0640
Scope	Psychiatry and Mental health