How to format your references using the Frontiers in Sleep Disorders citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Frontiers in Sleep Disorders. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Simons, B. D. (2013). Development. Getting your gut into shape. Science 342, 203–204.

A journal article with 2 authors

Appavoo, K., and Haglund, R. F., Jr (2014). Polarization selective phase-change nanomodulator. Sci. Rep. 4, 6771.

A journal article with 3 authors

Pérez-Isidoro, R., Sierra-Valdez, F. J., and Ruiz-Suárez, J. C. (2014). Anesthetic diffusion through lipid membranes depends on the protonation rate. Sci. Rep. 4, 7534.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Haubensak, W., Kunwar, P. S., Cai, H., Ciocchi, S., Wall, N. R., Ponnusamy, R., et al. (2010). Genetic dissection of an amygdala microcircuit that gates conditioned fear. Nature 468, 270–276.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hens, H. (2012). Building Physics: Heat, Air and Moisture. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.

An edited book

Capasso, F. (2008). La fitoterapia in uno sguardo., eds. G. Grandolini and R. Pescitelli. Milano: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Saravanakumar, G., and Kim, W. J. (2014). “Stimuli-Responsive Polymeric Nanocarriers as Promising Drug and Gene Delivery Systems,” in Intracellular Delivery II: Fundamentals and Applications, eds. A. Prokop, Y. Iwasaki, and A. Harada (Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands), 55–91.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Frontiers in Sleep Disorders.

Blog post

Davis, J. (2017). The Dark Web Is Actually More Of An Archipelago. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1991). Weather Satellites: The U.S. Geostationary Satellite Program Is at a Crossroad. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Phelps-Hillen, J. L. (2017). Institutional Review Boards and Writing Studies Research: A Justice-Oriented Study. Tampa, FL: University of South Florida.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kenigsberg, B. (2017). Strange Weather. New York Times, C11.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Simons, 2013).
This sentence cites two references (Simons, 2013; Appavoo and Haglund, 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Appavoo and Haglund, 2014)
Three or more authors: (Haubensak et al., 2010)

About the journal

Full journal title	Frontiers in Sleep Disorders
Abbreviation	Front. Psychiatry
ISSN (online)	1664-0640
Scope	Psychiatry and Mental health