How to format your references using the Gastrointestinal Tumors citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Gastrointestinal Tumors. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Brower AVZ. Comment on “Molecular phylogenies link rates of evolution and speciation” (II). Science. 2004 Jan;303(5655):173; author reply 173.

A journal article with 2 authors

Krivtsov AV, Armstrong SA. Cancer. Can one cell influence cancer heterogeneity? Science. 2012 Nov;338(6110):1035–6.

A journal article with 3 authors

Chen F, Tillberg PW, Boyden ES. Optical imaging. Expansion microscopy. Science. 2015 Jan;347(6221):543–8.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Rogers LJ, Rigosi E, Frasnelli E, Vallortigara G. A right antenna for social behaviour in honeybees. Sci Rep. 2013;3:2045.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Bi J. Sensory Discrimination Tests and Measurements. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2015.

An edited book

Glieder A, Kubicek CP, Mattanovich D, Wiltschi B, Sauer M, editors. Synthetic Biology. 1st ed. 2016. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

Moffitt MA, Lee DC, Bradley K. Spinal Cord Stimulation: Engineering Approaches to Clinical and Physiological Challenges. In: Greenbaum E, Zhou D, editors. Implantable Neural Prostheses 1: Devices and Applications. New York, NY: Springer US; 2009; pp 155–94.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Gastrointestinal Tumors.

Blog post

Andrews R. This Tiny Hamster With An Equally Tiny Cast Is All You Need To See Today [Internet]. IFLScience. 2016 Aug [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/tiny-hamster-equally-tiny-cast-all-need-see-today/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Improved Accounting Control Over Equipment at the Kennedy Space Center. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1970.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Maas CC. Emergency department utilization patterns in patients with diabetes. 2014

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Feeney K. QUICK BITE: Cranford; Cranford Didn’t Get the Olympics, Either. New York Times. 2005 Jul;14NJ13.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Gastrointestinal Tumors
Abbreviation	Gastrointest. Tumors
ISSN (print)	2296-3774
ISSN (online)	2296-3766
Scope