How to format your references using the Geology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Geology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Youngman, R.E., 2014, Amorphous Materials. Glimpsing glass structure under pressure: Science (New York, N.Y.), v. 345, p. 998–999.

A journal article with 2 authors

O’Neill, L.A.J., and Hardie, D.G., 2013, Metabolism of inflammation limited by AMPK and pseudo-starvation: Nature, v. 493, p. 346–355.

A journal article with 3 authors

Xu, B., Wang, Q., and Tian, Y., 2013, Bulk modulus for polar covalent crystals: Scientific reports, v. 3, p. 3068.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Denk, T. et al., 2010, Iapetus: unique surface properties and a global color dichotomy from Cassini imaging: Science (New York, N.Y.), v. 327, p. 435–439.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Lui, S.H., 2011, Numerical Analysis of Partial Differential Equations: Hoboken, NJ, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Webber, C.L., Jr., and Marwan, N. (Eds.), 2015, Recurrence Quantification Analysis: Theory and Best Practices: Cham, Springer International Publishing, Understanding Complex Systems, XIV, 421 p. 210 illus., 107 illus. in color p.

A chapter in an edited book

Madon, S., Reinhard, N., Roode, D., and Walsham, G., 2006, Digital Inclusion Projects in Developing Countries: Value, Sustainability, and Scalability, in Trauth, E.M., Howcroft, D., Butler, T., Fitzgerald, B., and DeGross, J.I. eds., Social Inclusion: Societal and Organizational Implications for Information Systems: IFIP TC8 WG8.2 International Working Conference, July 12–15, 2006, Limerick, Ireland, Boston, MA, Springer US, IFIP International Federation for Information Processing, p. 67–70.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Geology.

Blog post

Andrew, E., 2015, How To Build A City Fit For 50℃ Heatwaves: IFLScience,.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2014, Higher Education: Education Should Strengthen Oversight of Schools and Accreditors [Reissued on January 22, 2015]: U.S. Government Printing Office GAO-15-59.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Gaete, D.O., 2009, Investigation of intuitive eating after intervention measured by the Intuitive Eating Scale [Doctoral dissertation]: California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Picker, L., 2017, Low-Profile Deal Maker Is Choice to Head S.E.C: New York Times, p. A13.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Youngman, 2014).
This sentence cites two references (O’Neill and Hardie, 2013; Youngman, 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (O’Neill and Hardie, 2013)
Three or more authors: (Denk et al., 2010)

About the journal

Full journal title	Geology
Abbreviation	Geology
ISSN (print)	0091-7613
ISSN (online)	1943-2682
Scope	Geology