How to format your references using the Geomechanics and Geophysics for Geo-Energy and Geo-Resources citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Geomechanics and Geophysics for Geo-Energy and Geo-Resources. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Elmegreen B (2014) Astrophysics: How tiny galaxies form stars. Nature 514:310–311

A journal article with 2 authors

Faden RR, Karron RA (2012) Public health and biosecurity. The obligation to prevent the next dual-use controversy. Science 335:802–804

A journal article with 3 authors

Green DR, Galluzzi L, Kroemer G (2011) Mitochondria and the autophagy-inflammation-cell death axis in organismal aging. Science 333:1109–1112

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Cuevas CA, Notario A, Adame JA, et al (2014) Evolution of NO₂ levels in Spain from 1996 to 2012. Sci Rep 4:5887

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Daries H (2012) Nutrition for Sport and Exercise. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., West Sussex, UK

An edited book

Aramaki M, Barthet M, Kronland-Martinet R, Ystad S (eds) (2013) From Sounds to Music and Emotions: 9th International Symposium, CMMR 2012, London, UK, June 19-22, 2012, Revised Selected Papers. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Afamasaga-Fuata’i K (2009) Using Concept Maps and Vee Diagrams to Analyse the “Fractions” Strand in Primary Mathematics. In: Afamasaga-Fuata’i K (ed) Concept Mapping in Mathematics: Research into Practice. Springer US, Boston, MA, pp 59–86

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Geomechanics and Geophysics for Geo-Energy and Geo-Resources.

Blog post

Andrew E (2014) Study Reveals Discrimination Starts Before Grad School. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/technology/study-reveals-discrimination-starts-grad-school/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1980) Update on Federal Matching and Maintenance of Effort Requirements for California. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Bain Butler D (2010) How L2 legal writers use strategies for scholarly writing: A mixed methods study. Doctoral dissertation, University of Maryland, College Park

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Stewart JB (2017) Now on Broadway, an Economics Lesson. New York Times B1

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Elmegreen 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Faden and Karron 2012; Elmegreen 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Faden and Karron 2012)
Three or more authors: (Cuevas et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Geomechanics and Geophysics for Geo-Energy and Geo-Resources
ISSN (print)	2363-8419
ISSN (online)	2363-8427
Scope