How to format your references using the Geoscientific Model Development citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Geoscientific Model Development. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

O’Neill, L. A. J.: Immunology. Sensing the dark side of DNA, Science, 339, 763–764, 2013.

A journal article with 2 authors

Bard, E. and Rickaby, R. E. M.: Migration of the subtropical front as a modulator of glacial climate, Nature, 460, 380–383, 2009.

A journal article with 3 authors

Nieves, V., Willis, J. K., and Patzert, W. C.: GLOBAL WARMING. Recent hiatus caused by decadal shift in Indo-Pacific heating, Science, 349, 532–535, 2015.

A journal article with 100 or more authors

van Beek, J. D., Beaulieu, L., Schäfer, H., Demura, M., Asakura, T., and Meier, B. H.: Solid-state NMR determination of the secondary structure of Samia cynthia ricini silk, Nature, 405, 1077–1079, 2000.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hulin, W. and Jin-Ting, Z.: Nonparametric Regression Methods for Longitudinal Data Analysis: Mixed-Effects Modeling Approaches, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, 2006.

An edited book

Jiang, T., Hwang, J.-Y., Alvear F., G. R. F., Yücel, O., Mao, X., Sohn, H. Y., Ma, N., Mackey, P. J., and Battle, T. P. (Eds.): 6th International Symposium on High-Temperature Metallurgical Processing, Springer International Publishing, Cham, XXII, 772 p p., 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

Owen, B. M. and Rosston, G. L.: Local Broadband Access: Primum Non Nocere or Primum Processi? A Property Rights Approach, in: Net Neutrality or Net Neutering: Should Broadband Internet Services be Regulated, edited by: Lenard, T. M. and May, R. J., Springer US, Boston, MA, 163–194, 2006.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Geoscientific Model Development.

Blog post

Hamilton, K.: Here Are The Ages You Peak At Everything Throughout Life, https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/here-are-the-ages-you-peak-at-everything-throughout-lifes/, last access: 30 October 2018, 2017., 2017.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office: Year 2000 Computing Challenge: Federal Efforts to Ensure Continued Delivery of Key State-Administered Benefits, T-AIMD-99-241, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1999.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

McKinley, K. J.: Exploring the efficiency and effectiveness of teacher selection tools: The effects on the total group with a focus on the experience sub-groups, Doctoral dissertation, Lindenwood University, St. Charles, MO, 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Gustines, G. G.: In a First, Graphic Novelist Is National Envoy for Children’s Literature, , New York Times4th JanuaryC5, 2016.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (O’Neill, 2013).
This sentence cites two references (Bard and Rickaby, 2009; O’Neill, 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Bard and Rickaby, 2009)
Three or more authors: (van Beek et al., 2000)

About the journal

Full journal title	Geoscientific Model Development
Abbreviation	Geosci. Model Dev.
ISSN (print)	1991-959X
ISSN (online)	1991-9603
Scope