How to format your references using the Geosystem Engineering citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Geosystem Engineering. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Nelson, S. (2008). Big data: The Harvard computers. Nature, 455(7209), 36–37.

A journal article with 2 authors

O’Grady, M., & O’Hare, G. (2012). Computer science. How smart is your city? Science (New York, N.Y.), 335(6076), 1581–1582.

A journal article with 3 authors

Reece, S. E., Drew, D. R., & Gardner, A. (2008). Sex ratio adjustment and kin discrimination in malaria parasites. Nature, 453(7195), 609–614.

A journal article with 21 or more authors

Yang, Z., Zhu, Q., Luo, K., & Zhou, Q. (2001). The 7SK small nuclear RNA inhibits the CDK9/cyclin T1 kinase to control transcription. Nature, 414(6861), 317–322.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Kulkarni, S., & Harman, G. (2011). An Elementary Introduction to Statistical Learning Theory: Kulkarni/Statistical Learning Theory. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Kleiman, J., Tagawa, M., & Kimoto, Y. (Eds.). (2013). Protection of Materials and Structures From the Space Environment (Vol. 32). Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Villa, P., & Lenoir, M. (2009). Hunting and Hunting Weapons of the Lower and Middle Paleolithic of Europe. In J.-J. Hublin & M. P. Richards (Eds.), The Evolution of Hominin Diets: Integrating Approaches to the Study of Palaeolithic Subsistence (pp. 59–85). Springer Netherlands.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Geosystem Engineering.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2014, November 7). How The Bacteria In Our Gut Affect Our Cravings For Food. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/how-bacteria-our-gut-affect-our-cravings-food/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1977). Administration of Family Planning Grants Awarded to Genesee Family Planning Program, Inc (HRD-78-24). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Paustian, M. E. (2010). Evaluating competition between the non-native slug Arion subfuscus and the native slug Philomycus carolinianus [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Maryland, College Park.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Pilon, M. (2014, February 10). Wust Reclaims Gold in 3,000. New York Times, D9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Nelson, 2008).
This sentence cites two references (Nelson, 2008; O’Grady & O’Hare, 2012).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (O’Grady & O’Hare, 2012)
Three or more authors: (Yang et al., 2001)

About the journal

Full journal title	Geosystem Engineering
ISSN (print)	1226-9328
ISSN (online)	2166-3394
Scope	Environmental Engineering Pollution Waste Management and Disposal