How to format your references using the Geotextiles and Geomembranes citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Geotextiles and Geomembranes. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Batygin, K., 2012. A primordial origin for misalignments between stellar spin axes and planetary orbits. Nature 491, 418–420.

A journal article with 2 authors

Abbott, A., Cyranoski, D., 2003. Biologists seek to head off future sources of infection. Nature 423, 3.

A journal article with 3 authors

Lavender, K.L., Davis, R.E., Owens, W.B., 2000. Mid-depth recirculation observed in the interior Labrador and Irminger seas by direct velocity measurements. Nature 407, 66–69.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Dornan, D., Shimizu, H., Mah, A., Dudhela, T., Eby, M., O’rourke, K., Seshagiri, S., Dixit, V.M., 2006. ATM engages autodegradation of the E3 ubiquitin ligase COP1 after DNA damage. Science 313, 1122–1126.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Phelan, J., 2013. Reading the American Novel 1920-2010. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Oxford, UK.

An edited book

Leigh, H., Streltzer, J. (Eds.), 2015. Handbook of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry, 2nd ed. 2015. ed. Springer International Publishing, Cham.

A chapter in an edited book

McGregor, M.N., 2016. The Language of Spiritual Literature in a Post-Religious Era, in: Garcia, K. (Ed.), Reexamining Academic Freedom in Religiously Affiliated Universities: Transcending Orthodoxies. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp. 87–96.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Geotextiles and Geomembranes.

Blog post

Luntz, S., 2014. Twelve Year Old Discovers New Spider Genus [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/twelve-year-old-discovers-new-spider-genus/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2001. Internal Revenue Service: 2001 Tax Filing Season, Systems Modernization, and Security of Electronic Filing (No. GAO-01-595T). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Nichol, K.P., 2013. English Language Learners and Gifted Identification: Exploring the Perceptions of Teachers and Parents (Doctoral dissertation). Northcentral University, Scottsdale, AZ.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Brantley, B., 2017. A Feast for Actors, With One in the Kitchen. New York Times C6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Batygin, 2012).
This sentence cites two references (Abbott and Cyranoski, 2003; Batygin, 2012).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Abbott and Cyranoski, 2003)
Three or more authors: (Dornan et al., 2006)

About the journal

Full journal title	Geotextiles and Geomembranes
Abbreviation	Geotextiles Geomembranes
ISSN (print)	0266-1144
Scope	Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology General Materials Science