How to format your references using the Geothermal Energy citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Geothermal Energy. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Ahlberg PE. Comment on “The early evolution of the tetrapod humerus.” Science. 2004 Sep 17;305(5691):1715; author reply 1715.

A journal article with 2 authors

Raser JM, O’Shea EK. Noise in gene expression: origins, consequences, and control. Science. 2005 Sep 23;309(5743):2010–3.

A journal article with 3 authors

Levine ES, Blitz L, Heiles C. The spiral structure of the outer Milky Way in hydrogen. Science. 2006 Jun 23;312(5781):1773–7.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Mendes R, Kruijt M, de Bruijn I, Dekkers E, van der Voort M, Schneider JHM, et al. Deciphering the rhizosphere microbiome for disease-suppressive bacteria. Science. 2011 May 27;332(6033):1097–100.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Center for Chemical Process Safety. Guidelines for Design Solutions for Process Equipment Failures. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 1998.

An edited book

Millsap RE, Bolt DM, van der Ark LA, Wang W-C, editors. Quantitative Psychology Research: The 78th Annual Meeting of the Psychometric Society. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

Blackshaw I, Pachmann T. CAS Provisional and Conservatory Measures and Other Options to Be Granted Interim Legal Relief. In: Duval A, Rigozzi A, editors. Yearbook of International Sports Arbitration 2015. The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press; 2016. p. 93–110.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Geothermal Energy.

Blog post

Hale T. You Can Now Take A Driverless Uber In The US [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/technology/you-can-now-take-a-driverless-uber-in-the-us/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Ways To Improve Management of Federally Funded Computerized Models. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1976 Aug. Report No.: LCD-75-111.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Ahlert D. Application of Graph Theoretic Clustering on Some Biomedical Data Sets [Doctoral dissertation]. [Edwardsville, IL]: Southern Illinois University; 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

(nyt) SK. World Briefing | Europe: Russia: Ex-Premier’s Real Estate Deal Investigated. New York Times. 2005 Jul 12;A12.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Ahlberg 2004).
This sentence cites two references (Ahlberg 2004; Raser and O’Shea 2005).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Raser and O’Shea 2005)
Three or more authors: (Mendes et al. 2011)

About the journal

Full journal title	Geothermal Energy
Abbreviation	Geotherm. Energy
ISSN (online)	2195-9706
Scope