How to format your references using the GM Crops and Food: Biotechnology in Agriculture and the Food Chain citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for GM Crops and Food: Biotechnology in Agriculture and the Food Chain. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Nakata D. Increased N-glycosylation of Asn⁸⁸ in serum pancreatic ribonuclease 1 is a novel diagnostic marker for pancreatic cancer. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6715.

A journal article with 2 authors

Baxter I, Dilkes BP. Elemental profiles reflect plant adaptations to the environment. Science 2012; 336:1661–3.

A journal article with 3 authors

Hull PM, Darroch SAF, Erwin DH. Rarity in mass extinctions and the future of ecosystems. Nature 2015; 528:345–51.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Bulavin DV, Higashimoto Y, Popoff IJ, Gaarde WA, Basrur V, Potapova O, Appella E, Fornace AJ Jr. Initiation of a G2/M checkpoint after ultraviolet radiation requires p38 kinase. Nature 2001; 411:102–7.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Lehto J, Hou X. Chemistry and Analysis of Radionuclides. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA; 2010.

An edited book

Kalck P, editor. Homo- and Heterobimetallic Complexes in Catalysis: Cooperative Catalysis. 1st ed. 2016. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

Uesugi M. Small Molecule Tools for Cell Biology and Cell Therapy. In: Shibasaki M, Iino M, Osada H, editors. Chembiomolecular Science: At the Frontier of Chemistry and Biology. Tokyo: Springer Japan; 2013. page 51–8.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for GM Crops and Food: Biotechnology in Agriculture and the Food Chain.

Blog post

Luntz S. Why Is Saturn So Bizarrely Hot? [Internet]. IFLScience2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]; Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/space/first-sighting-metallic-hydrogen-may-explain-saturns-heat/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. EPA: Control of Emissions of Air Pollution From Highway Heavy-Duty Engines. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1997.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

McKinley KJ. Exploring the efficiency and effectiveness of teacher selection tools: The effects on the total group with a focus on the experience sub-groups. 2009;

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Shpigel B. At 8 Feet Tall, He Sat Down and Started Getting Noticed. New York Times2016; :D1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	GM Crops and Food: Biotechnology in Agriculture and the Food Chain
Abbreviation	GM Crops
ISSN (print)	1938-1999
ISSN (online)	1938-2006
Scope	General Medicine