How to format your references using the GPS Solutions citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for GPS Solutions. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Goldin DS (2000) Contributions to the u.s. Space program. Science 288(5474):2131c

A journal article with 2 authors

Lister AM, Sher AV (2001) The origin and evolution of the woolly mammoth. Science 294(5544):1094–1097

A journal article with 3 authors

Lykotrafitis G, Rosakis AJ, Ravichandran G (2006) Self-healing pulse-like shear ruptures in the laboratory. Science 313(5794):1765–1768

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Dong C, Flecks S, Unversucht S, Haupt C, van Pée K-H, Naismith JH (2005) Tryptophan 7-halogenase (PrnA) structure suggests a mechanism for regioselective chlorination. Science 309(5744):2216–2219

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Singleton TW, Singleton AJ (2010) Fraud Auditing and Forensic Accounting. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Das VV, Chaba Y (eds) (2013) Mobile Communication and Power Engineering: Second International Joint Conference, AIM/CCPE 2012, Bangalore, India, April 27-28, 2012, Revised Selected Papers. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Ghorbani R, Koocheki A, Brandt K, Wilcockson S, Leifert C (2010) Organic Agriculture and Food Production: Ecological, Environmental, Food Safety and Nutritional Quality Issues. In: Lichtfouse E (ed) Sociology, Organic Farming, Climate Change and Soil Science. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp 77–107

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for GPS Solutions.

Blog post

Carpineti C (2017) According To Elon Musk, There’s Only One Way For Humans To Survive The Age Of Artificial Intelligence. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/technology/according-to-elon-musk-theres-only-one-way-for-humans-to-survive-the-age-of-artificial-intelligence/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1991) Tax System Modernization: Issues Facing IRS. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Liang Y (2005) Studies of E. coli YidC and Other Factors for Membrane Protein Insertion. Doctoral dissertation, Ohio State University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Baum S, Conklin K, Johnson N (2013) Stop Penalizing Poor College Students. New York Times A31

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Goldin 2000).
This sentence cites two references (Goldin 2000; Lister and Sher 2001).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Lister and Sher 2001)
Three or more authors: (Dong et al. 2005)

About the journal

Full journal title	GPS Solutions
Abbreviation	GPS Solut.
ISSN (print)	1080-5370
ISSN (online)	1521-1886
Scope	General Earth and Planetary Sciences