How to format your references using the Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Kolter R. Microbiology. Deadly priming. Science. 2007 Oct;318(5850):578–9.

A journal article with 2 authors

Zid BM, O’Shea EK. Promoter sequences direct cytoplasmic localization and translation of mRNAs during starvation in yeast. Nature. 2014 Oct;514(7520):117–21.

A journal article with 3 authors

Liu X, Gross RL, Suits AG. “Heavy electron” photoelectron spectroscopy: rotationally resolved ion pair imaging of CH3+. Science. 2001 Dec;294(5551):2527–9.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Ferris P, Olson BJSC, De Hoff PL, Douglass S, Casero D, Prochnik S, et al. Evolution of an expanded sex-determining locus in Volvox. Science. 2010 Apr;328(5976):351–4.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Flood JM. Practitioner’s Guide to GAAS 2014. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2014.

An edited book

Kim-Prieto C, editor. Religion and Spirituality Across Cultures. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

On CK, Yao TK, Alfred R, Ibrahim AAA, Cheng W, Guan TT. A Comparison of BPNN, RBF, and ENN in Number Plate Recognition. In: Berry MW, Hj. Mohamed A, Yap BW, editors. Soft Computing in Data Science: Second International Conference, SCDS 2016, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, September 21-22, 2016, Proceedings. Singapore: Springer; 2016; pp 37–47.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation.

Blog post

Davis J. Eating Human Brains Drove Evolution In Remote Tribe [Internet]. IFLScience. 2015 Jun

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Total Quality Education. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1994.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Jones C. Evolutionary changes in development associated with a transition in larval nutritional mode in spiralians. 2015

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Gregory Mankiw N, Summers LH. Uniting Behind a Divisive Health Tax. New York Times. 2015 Oct;BU6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation
Abbreviation	Gynecol. Obstet. Invest.
ISSN (print)	0378-7346
ISSN (online)	1423-002X
Scope	Obstetrics and Gynaecology Reproductive Medicine