How to format your references using the Health Equity citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Health Equity (HEQ). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Mitchell TM. Computer science. Mining our reality. Science 2009;326(5960):1644–1645.

A journal article with 2 authors

de Wit J, Seager S. Constraining exoplanet mass from transmission spectroscopy. Science 2013;342(6165):1473–1477.

A journal article with 3 authors

Paradise J, Andrews L, Holbrook T. Intellectual property. Patents on human genes: an analysis of scope and claims. Science 2005;307(5715):1566–1567.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Liang H-L, Nien C-Y, Liu H-Y, et al. The zinc-finger protein Zelda is a key activator of the early zygotic genome in Drosophila. Nature 2008;456(7220):400–403.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Lemma A. Introduction to the Practice of Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd: West Sussex, England; 2008.

An edited book

Harder H, Mittler B, (eds). Asian Punches: A Transcultural Affair. Transcultural Research – Heidelberg Studies on Asia and Europe in a Global Context. Springer: Berlin, Heidelberg; 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

García-Alcaraz JL, Maldonado-Macías AA. Causes of Slow Implementation of JIT. In: Just-in-Time Elements and Benefits. (Macías AAM. ed). Management and Industrial Engineering Springer International Publishing: Cham; 2016; pp. 75–85.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Health Equity.

Blog post

Taub B. Ancient Mayan Village Preserved In Volcanic Ash Lets Us Peer Into The Lives Of Ordinary People. IFLScience; 2015. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/ancient-mayan-elites-may-not-have-been-autocratic-we-thought/ [Last accessed: 10/30/2018].

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Recent Development in Science and Technology: Progress and Concerns. U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC; 1976.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Jones DM. Educational Paradigm Shift: Emergence of the Virtual Classroom. Doctoral dissertation. University of Phoenix: Phoenix, AZ; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Eligon J. Family of Man Shot by Officer Settles Suit. New York Times 2017;A17.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Health Equity
ISSN (online)	2473-1242
Scope