How to format your references using the Health Services and Delivery Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Health Services and Delivery Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Cruz M. Black holes. Inescapable pull. Introduction. Science 2012;337:535.

A journal article with 2 authors

Kalaany NY, Sabatini DM. Tumours with PI3K activation are resistant to dietary restriction. Nature 2009;458:725–31.

A journal article with 3 authors

Schätz T, Schramm U, Habs D. Crystalline ion beams. Nature 2001;412:717–20.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Ferguson NM, Cummings DAT, Cauchemez S, Fraser C, Riley S, Meeyai A, et al. Strategies for containing an emerging influenza pandemic in Southeast Asia. Nature 2005;437:209–14.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

zur Hausen H. Infections Causing Human Cancer. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA; 2006.

An edited book

Finster F, Müller O, Nardmann M, Tolksdorf J, Zeidler E, editors. Quantum Field Theory and Gravity: Conceptual and Mathematical Advances in the Search for a Unified Framework. Basel: Springer; 2012.

A chapter in an edited book

Chen Q, Zhang C, Zhang S. Model Checking in Security Protocol Analysis. In: Zhang C, Zhang S, editors. Secure Transaction Protocol Analysis: Models and Applications. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2008. p. 107–29.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Health Services and Delivery Research.

Blog post

Davis J. Critically Endangered Bird Lays Eggs In Captivity For First Time. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016. URL: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/critically-endangered-bird-lays-eggs-in-captivity-for-first-time/ (Accessed 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Tactical Airlift: Issues Concerning Air Force Plans for Pacific Distribution System. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1989.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Beechey SN. The politics of deservingness: Discourses of gender, race, *class, and age in the 2005 Social Security debates. Doctoral dissertation, Washington, DC: George Washington University; 2008; 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Rosenthal BM. ‘Tough Cop’ Running for Mayor Is Accused of Pushing Limits. New York Times 2017:A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Health Services and Delivery Research
Abbreviation	Health Serv. Deliv. Res.
ISSN (print)	2050-4349
ISSN (online)	2050-4357
Scope