How to format your references using the Health Technology Assessment citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Health Technology Assessment. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Bucksbaum PH. Applied physics. X-ray movies of wiggling crystals. Science 2004;306:1691–2.

A journal article with 2 authors

Spanò S, Galán JE. A Rab32-dependent pathway contributes to Salmonella typhi host restriction. Science 2012;338:960–3.

A journal article with 3 authors

Ferguson NM, Donnelly CA, Anderson RM. The foot-and-mouth epidemic in Great Britain: pattern of spread and impact of interventions. Science 2001;292:1155–60.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Zhang Y, Gao Q, Lin Z, Zhang T, Xu J, Tan Y, et al. Constructing free standing metal organic framework MIL-53 membrane based on anodized aluminum oxide precursor. Sci Rep 2014;4:4947.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Kissell J. Mac® Security Bible. Indianapolis, IN, USA: Wiley Publishing, Inc.; 2009.

An edited book

Das I, Tuen AA, editors. Naturalists, Explorers and Field Scientists in South-East Asia and Australasia. vol. 15. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

Siry C, Martin SN, Baker S, Lowell N, Marvin J, Wilson Y. Coteaching in Science Education Courses: Transforming Teacher Preparation Through Shared Responsibility. In: Murphy C, Scantlebury K, editors. Coteaching in International Contexts: Research and Practice. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2010. p. 57–78.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Health Technology Assessment.

Blog post

Hale T. Here’s How To Beat The Queues At The Supermarket Checkout. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016. URL: https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/heres-how-to-beat-the-queues-at-the-supermarket-checkout/ (Accessed 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Status of Budget Authority Involved in Three Rescissions. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1976.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Tubbs MA. The use of hand-constructed graphs in Microcomputer-Based Laboratories for kinematics instruction. Doctoral dissertation, Long Beach, CA: California State University, Long Beach; 2014; 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Greenhouse L. In a 6-to-3 Vote, Justices Uphold A Voter ID Law. New York Times 2008:A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Health Technology Assessment
Abbreviation	Health Technol. Assess.
ISSN (print)	1366-5278
ISSN (online)	2046-4924
Scope	Health Policy