How to format your references using the Higher-Order and Symbolic Computation citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Higher-Order and Symbolic Computation. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Bourzac, K.: Medical imaging: Removing the blindfold. Nature. 504, S10-2 (2013)

A journal article with 2 authors

Boughn, S., Crittenden, R.: A correlation between the cosmic microwave background and large-scale structure in the Universe. Nature. 427, 45–47 (2004)

A journal article with 3 authors

Christeson, G.L., McIntosh, K.D., Karson, J.A.: Inconsistent correlation of seismic layer 2a and lava layer thickness in oceanic crust. Nature. 445, 418–421 (2007)

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Yoshioka, W., Kawaguchi, T., Fujisawa, N., Aida-Yasuoka, K., Shimizu, T., Matsumura, F., Tohyama, C.: Predominant role of cytosolic phospholipase A2α in dioxin-induced neonatal hydronephrosis in mice. Sci. Rep. 4, 4042 (2014)

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hartmann, A.K., Weigt, M.: Phase Transitions in Combinatorial Optimization Problems. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, FRG (2005)

An edited book

Wotawa, F., Nica, M., Kushik, N. eds: Testing Software and Systems: 28th IFIP WG 6.1 International Conference, ICTSS 2016, Graz, Austria, October 17-19, 2016, Proceedings. Springer International Publishing, Cham (2016)

A chapter in an edited book

Chang, E.-C., Li, Q.: Hiding Secret Points Amidst Chaff. In: Vaudenay, S. (ed.) Advances in Cryptology - EUROCRYPT 2006: 24th Annual International Conference on the Theory and Applications of Cryptographic Techniques, St. Petersburg, Russia, May 28 - June 1, 2006. Proceedings. pp. 59–72. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg (2006)

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Higher-Order and Symbolic Computation.

Blog post

Davis, J.: One-Third Of European Children Aged Six To Nine Now Overweight Or Obese, https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/one-third-european-children-now-overweight-or-obese/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office: Unemployment Insurance Information Technology: States Face Challenges in Modernization Efforts. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC (2013)

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Martinez Abadia, J.M.: French for Spanish speakers: A contrastive study of English monolingual, bilingual, and plurilingual adult learners of French, (2014)

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Lohr, S., Alderman, L.: The Fallout From a Global Cyberattack: ‘A Battle We’re Fighting Every Day,’ (2017)

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Higher-Order and Symbolic Computation
ISSN (print)	1388-3690
ISSN (online)	1573-0557
Scope	Computer Science Applications Software