How to format your references using the Hydrology and Earth System Sciences citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Hydrology and Earth System Sciences. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Mallet, J.: Hybrid speciation, Nature, 446, 279–283, 2007.

A journal article with 2 authors

Heyes, C. M. and Frith, C. D.: The cultural evolution of mind reading, Science, 344, 1243091, 2014.

A journal article with 3 authors

Schön, J. H., Meng, H., and Bao, Z.: Field-effect modulation of the conductance of single molecules, Science, 294, 2138–2140, 2001.

A journal article with 100 or more authors

Martincorena, I., Fowler, J. C., Wabik, A., Lawson, A. R. J., Abascal, F., Hall, M. W. J., Cagan, A., Murai, K., Mahbubani, K., Stratton, M. R., Fitzgerald, R. C., Handford, P. A., Campbell, P. J., Saeb-Parsy, K., and Jones, P. H.: Somatic mutant clones colonize the human esophagus with age, Science, 362, 911–917, 2018.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Flood, J. M.: Wiley Gaap 2015, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK, 2014.

An edited book

Kazui, T. and Takamoto, S. (Eds.): Advances in Understanding Aortic Diseases, Springer Japan, Tokyo, 2009.

A chapter in an edited book

van Garsse, L.: Has Probation Any Impact in Terms of Reparation to Victims and Communities? Complicating a Simple Question, in: Probation: 12 Essential Questions, edited by: McNeill, F., Durnescu, I., and Butter, R., Palgrave Macmillan UK, London, 85–105, 2016.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Hydrology and Earth System Sciences.

Blog post

Fang, J.: UK Bans Teaching Creationism in State-Funded Schools, https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/uk-bans-teaching-creationism-state-funded-schools/, last access: 30 October 2018, 2014., 2014.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office: What Assurance Does Office of Education’s Eligibility Process Provide?, HRD-78-120, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1979.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Pradhan, S. H.: User Interface Design, Database Connectivity, and Security in Fortified Cards, Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Cooper, M.: City Opera Unveils 2017-18 Season, , New York Times24th MayC2, 2017.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Mallet, 2007).
This sentence cites two references (Heyes and Frith, 2014; Mallet, 2007).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Heyes and Frith, 2014)
Three or more authors: (Martincorena et al., 2018)

About the journal

Full journal title	Hydrology and Earth System Sciences
Abbreviation	Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.
ISSN (print)	1027-5606
ISSN (online)	1607-7938
Scope