How to format your references using the IEEE Photonics Journal citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for IEEE Photonics Journal. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

P. J. Reimer, “Atmospheric science. Refining the radiocarbon time scale,” Science, vol. 338, no. 6105, pp. 337–338, Oct. 2012.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

S. Anderson and D. Coulter, “Neuroscience. Neuronal birth to cortical circuitry,” Science, vol. 340, no. 6136, pp. 1058–1059, May 2013.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

E. Bazin, S. Glémin, and N. Galtier, “Population size does not influence mitochondrial genetic diversity in animals,” Science, vol. 312, no. 5773, pp. 570–572, Apr. 2006.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

V. Lainey, J.-E. Arlot, O. Karatekin, and T. Van Hoolst, “Strong tidal dissipation in Io and Jupiter from astrometric observations,” Nature, vol. 459, no. 7249, pp. 957–959, Jun. 2009.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Center for Chemical Process Safety, Guidelines for Chemical Process Quantitative Risk Analysis. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2010.

An edited book

[1]

P. Gallagher, D. Desmond, and M. MacLachlan, Eds., Psychoprosthetics. London: Springer, 2008.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

D. G. Bachrach, J. Ogilvie, A. Rapp, and J. Calamusa, “Reward Programs: Loyalty at the Store Level,” in More Than a Showroom: Strategies for Winning Back Online Shoppers, J. Ogilvie, A. Rapp, and J. Calamusa, Eds., New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2016, pp. 57–74.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for IEEE Photonics Journal.

Blog post

[1]

J. Fang, “The Same Gene Blackens Moths And Colors Butterflies,” IFLScience. Accessed: Oct. 30, 2018. [Online]. Available: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/one-gene-blackens-moths-and-colors-butterflies/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, “Issues Raised concerning the Report, ‘The National School Lunch Program: Is It Working?,’” U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, PAD-78-43, Nov. 1977.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

R. F. Pittsinger, “The effect of a single bout of surfing on exercise-induced affect,” Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

B. Protess and L. Thomas Jr, “Deutsche Bank to Settle U.S. Inquiry Into Mortgages for $7.2 Billion,” New York Times, p. B1, Dec. 23, 2016.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1], [2].
This sentence cites four references [1], [2], [3], [4].

About the journal

Full journal title	IEEE Photonics Journal
Abbreviation	IEEE Photonics J.
ISSN (print)	1943-0655
Scope	Electrical and Electronic Engineering Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics