How to format your references using the IEEE Signal Processing Letters citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for IEEE Signal Processing Letters. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

S. Goodman, “Twin peaks Rhône-Alpes,” Nature, vol. 426, no. 6964, pp. 366–367, Nov. 2003.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

K. M. Cooper and A. J. R. Kent, “Rapid remobilization of magmatic crystals kept in cold storage,” Nature, vol. 506, no. 7489, pp. 480–483, Feb. 2014.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

I. Kurth, R. E. Georgescu, and M. E. O’Donnell, “A solution to release twisted DNA during chromosome replication by coupled DNA polymerases,” Nature, vol. 496, no. 7443, pp. 119–122, Apr. 2013.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

T. Canli, H. Sivers, S. L. Whitfield, I. H. Gotlib, and J. D. E. Gabrieli, “Amygdala response to happy faces as a function of extraversion,” Science, vol. 296, no. 5576, p. 2191, Jun. 2002.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

J.-L. Guyader, Vibration in Continuous Media. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013.

An edited book

[1]

A. Öchsner and G. E. Murch, Eds., Heat Transfer in Multi-Phase Materials, vol. 2. in Advanced Structured Materials, vol. 2. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

K. Menken, “Policy Failures: No Child Left Behind and English Language Learners,” in Critical Pedagogy and Teacher Education in the Neoliberal Era: Small Openings, S. L. Groenke and J. A. Hatch, Eds., in Explorations of Educational Purpose. , Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009, pp. 49–62.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for IEEE Signal Processing Letters.

Blog post

[1]

E. Andrew, “Aging of Brain and Muscles Reversed Through Protein Therapy,” IFLScience. Accessed: Oct. 30, 2018. [Online]. Available: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/aging-brain-and-muscles-reversed-through-protein-therapy/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, “Space Station: Contract Oversight and Performance Provisions for Major Work Packages,” U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, NSIAD-92-171BR, Apr. 1992.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

P. R. Sherwin, “The disconnection between high school and college: A study of retention of students who are at risk of leaving college before completing a degree,” Doctoral dissertation, Lindenwood University, St. Charles, MO, 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

B. Kenigsberg, “The Latest Word From Al Gore on Climate Change,” New York Times, p. C8, Jul. 27, 2017.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1], [2].
This sentence cites four references [1], [2], [3], [4].

About the journal

Full journal title	IEEE Signal Processing Letters
Abbreviation	IEEE Signal Process. Lett.
ISSN (print)	1070-9908
Scope	Signal Processing Electrical and Electronic Engineering Applied Mathematics