How to format your references using the IEEE Transactions on Computers citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for IEEE Transactions on Computers. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

D. Goldston, “US election: Not the best advice,” Nature, vol. 455, no. 7212, p. 453, Sep. 2008.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

L. Rowan and R. Coontz, “Great balls of fire. Star formation: a Web supplement,” Science, vol. 295, no. 5552, p. 63, Jan. 2002.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

G. Zabow, S. J. Dodd, and A. P. Koretsky, “Shape-changing magnetic assemblies as high-sensitivity NMR-readable nanoprobes,” Nature, vol. 520, no. 7545, pp. 73–77, Apr. 2015.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

R. Mendez, L. E. Hake, T. Andresson, L. E. Littlepage, J. V. Ruderman, and J. D. Richter, “Phosphorylation of CPE binding factor by Eg2 regulates translation of c-mos mRNA,” Nature, vol. 404, no. 6775, pp. 302–307, Mar. 2000.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

A. Richards and H. Dafydd, Key Notes on Plastic Surgery. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2014.

An edited book

[1]

R. Hirschheim, A. Heinzl, and J. Dibbern, Eds., Information Systems Outsourcing: Enduring Themes, New Perspectives and Global Challenges, 2nd ed. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2006.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

P. S. Melo, P. D. Marcato, D. R. de Araújo, and N. Durán, “In Vitro Cytotoxicity Assays of Nanoparticles on Different Cell Lines,” in Nanotoxicology: Materials, Methodologies, and Assessments, N. Durán, S. S. Guterres, and O. L. Alves, Eds., in Nanomedicine and Nanotoxicology. , New York, NY: Springer, 2014, pp. 111–123.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for IEEE Transactions on Computers.

Blog post

[1]

E. Andrew, “Trial Of Stem Cell Transplants Yields Positive Results For Patients With MS,” IFLScience. Accessed: Oct. 30, 2018. [Online]. Available: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/trial-stem-cell-transplants-yields-positive-results-patients-ms/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, “Computer Misuse by the Sigma Corporation, a NASA Contractor,” U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, PSAD-78-148, Sep. 1978.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

R. H. Crooks, “Analysis Of The XY Spin 1/2 Model In Staggered Field And Networks Of D-Wave Josephson Junctions,” Doctoral dissertation, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

E. Rosenberg, “Misconduct Complaint Against Christie Has Merit, Judge Says,” New York Times, p. A20, Oct. 14, 2016.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1], [2].
This sentence cites four references [1], [2], [3], [4].

About the journal

Full journal title	IEEE Transactions on Computers
Abbreviation	IEEE Trans. Comput.
ISSN (print)	0018-9340
Scope	Computational Theory and Mathematics Hardware and Architecture Software Theoretical Computer Science