How to format your references using the IEEE Transactions on Education citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for IEEE Transactions on Education. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

M. V. Rodnina, “Biochemistry. Translocation in action,” Science, vol. 340, no. 6140, pp. 1534–1535, Jun. 2013.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

B. Polidoro and K. Carpenter, “Ecology. Dynamics of coral reef recovery,” Science, vol. 340, no. 6128, pp. 34–35, Apr. 2013.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

S.-M. Jeon, N. S. Chandel, and N. Hay, “AMPK regulates NADPH homeostasis to promote tumour cell survival during energy stress,” Nature, vol. 485, no. 7400, pp. 661–665, May 2012.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

T. Nakagawa, Y. Cheng, E. Ramm, M. Sheng, and T. Walz, “Structure and different conformational states of native AMPA receptor complexes,” Nature, vol. 433, no. 7025, pp. 545–549, Feb. 2005.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

P. J. Cragg, A Practical Guide to Supramolecular Chemistry. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2006.

An edited book

[1]

H. A. Proper, D. Aveiro, and K. Gaaloul, Eds., Advances in Enterprise Engineering VII: Third Enterprise Engineering Working Conference, EEWC 2013, Luxembourg, May 13-14, 2013. Proceedings, vol. 146. in Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing, vol. 146. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

K. Revoredo, J. E. Ochoa-Luna, and F. G. Cozman, “Learning Terminologies in Probabilistic Description Logics,” in Advances in Artificial Intelligence – SBIA 2010: 20th Brazilian Symposium on Artificial Intelligence, São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil, October 23-28, 2010. Proceedings, A. C. da Rocha Costa, R. M. Vicari, and F. Tonidandel, Eds., in Lecture Notes in Computer Science. , Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2010, pp. 41–50.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for IEEE Transactions on Education.

Blog post

[1]

A. Carpineti, “Modeling The Ancient Earth To Study Exoplanets,” IFLScience. Accessed: Oct. 30, 2018. [Online]. Available: https://www.iflscience.com/space/modeling-the-ancient-earth-to-study-exoplanets/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, “School-Age Children: Poverty and Diversity Challenge Schools Nationwide,” U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, T-HEHS-94-125, Mar. 1994.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

G. A. Archibald, “Regionalizing competitive talent: An exploratory study of the role of human capital management in the context of economic integration and labor mobility,” Doctoral dissertation, Capella University, Minneapolis, MN, 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

G. Johnson, “When Radiation Isn’t the Risk,” New York Times, p. D3, Sep. 22, 2015.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1], [2].
This sentence cites four references [1], [2], [3], [4].

About the journal

Full journal title	IEEE Transactions on Education
ISSN (print)	0018-9359
Scope	Electrical and Electronic Engineering Education