How to format your references using the IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

A. M. Davis, “Astronomy. Early solar system chronology,” Science, vol. 325, no. 5943, pp. 951–952, Aug. 2009.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

R. Louf and M. Barthelemy, “How congestion shapes cities: from mobility patterns to scaling,” Sci. Rep., vol. 4, p. 5561, Jul. 2014.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

G. C. Turner, F. Du, and A. Varshavsky, “Peptides accelerate their uptake by activating a ubiquitin-dependent proteolytic pathway,” Nature, vol. 405, no. 6786, pp. 579–583, Jun. 2000.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

D. N. Baker, S. G. Kanekal, X. Li, S. P. Monk, J. Goldstein, and J. L. Burch, “An extreme distortion of the Van Allen belt arising from the ‘Hallowe’en’ solar storm in 2003,” Nature, vol. 432, no. 7019, pp. 878–881, Dec. 2004.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

J. Tobias and D. Hochhauser, Cancer and its Management. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2014.

An edited book

[1]

C. Raulin and S. Karsai, Eds., Laser and IPL Technology in Dermatology and Aesthetic Medicine. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

R. Ramakrishnan, “The Role of Hierarchies in Exploratory Data Mining,” in Machine Learning and Knowledge Discovery in Databases: European Conference, ECML PKDD 2008, Antwerp, Belgium, September 15-19, 2008, Proceedings, Part I, W. Daelemans, B. Goethals, and K. Morik, Eds., in Lecture Notes in Computer Science. , Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2008, pp. 6–6.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems.

Blog post

[1]

S. Luntz, “Ancient Land Predator Hunted Sharks,” IFLScience. Accessed: Oct. 30, 2018. [Online]. Available: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/permian-predator-returned-oceans-eat-shark/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, “Aviation Safety: Commuter Airline Safety Would Be Enhanced With Better FAA Oversight,” U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, T-RCED-92-40, Mar. 1992.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

X. Wang, “Inferences on Gamma Distributions: Uncensored and Censored Cases,” Doctoral dissertation, University of Louisiana, Lafayette, LA, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

S. Valerian, “The Long-Running Man,” New York Times, p. B14, Nov. 06, 2013.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1], [2].
This sentence cites four references [1], [2], [3], [4].

About the journal

Full journal title	IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems
Abbreviation	IEEE Trans. Hum. Mach. Syst.
ISSN (print)	2168-2291
Scope	Artificial Intelligence Computer Networks and Communications Computer Science Applications Human-Computer Interaction Signal Processing Control and Systems Engineering Human Factors and Ergonomics