How to format your references using the IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

G. Filippelli, “Oceans. A salty start to modern ocean circulation,” Science, vol. 344, no. 6189, pp. 1228–1229, Jun. 2014.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

G. H. Roe and M. B. Baker, “Why is climate sensitivity so unpredictable?,” Science, vol. 318, no. 5850, pp. 629–632, Oct. 2007.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

M. Puliga, G. Caldarelli, and S. Battiston, “Credit Default Swaps networks and systemic risk,” Sci. Rep., vol. 4, p. 6822, Nov. 2014.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

J. B. Johnnidis et al., “Regulation of progenitor cell proliferation and granulocyte function by microRNA-223,” Nature, vol. 451, no. 7182, pp. 1125–1129, Feb. 2008.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

M. Modarres, M. Amiri, and C. Jackson, Probabilistic Physics of Failure Approach to Reliability. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2017.

An edited book

[1]

A. Foret, G. Morrill, R. Muskens, R. Osswald, and S. Pogodalla, Eds., Formal Grammar: 20th and 21st International Conferences, FG 2015, Barcelona, Spain, August 2015, Revised Selected Papers. FG 2016, Bozen, Italy, August 2016, Proceedings, vol. 9804. in Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 9804. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

A. Morgado, R. del Río, and J. M. de la Rosa, “A 130-nm CMOS Reconfigurable 2-1-1 Cascade SC ΣΔM for GSM/BT/UMTS,” in Nanometer CMOS Sigma-Delta Modulators for Software Defined Radio, R. del Río and J. M. de la Rosa, Eds., New York, NY: Springer, 2012, pp. 111–150.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering.

Blog post

[1]

E. Andrew, “Shell Can’t Afford To Wait Until 2050 To Adapt Its Business To Climate Change,” IFLScience. Accessed: Oct. 30, 2018. [Online]. Available: https://www.iflscience.com/environment/shell-can-t-afford-wait-until-2050-adapt-its-business-climate-change/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, “Federal Research and Development: Contributions to and Results of the Small Business Technology Transfer Program,” U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, GAO-01-766R, Jun. 2001.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

L. J. Beattie, “Meeting the Needs of Low Income Students,” Doctoral dissertation, Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville, IL, 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

J. Eligon, V. Yee, and M. Furber, “Resurgent Cry in Minnesota Police Killing: Why?,” New York Times, p. A1, Jul. 22, 2017.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1], [2].
This sentence cites four references [1], [2], [3], [4].

About the journal

Full journal title	IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering
Abbreviation	IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng.
ISSN (print)	1041-4347
Scope	Computational Theory and Mathematics Computer Science Applications Information Systems