How to format your references using the IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

J. Giles, “Nanotechnology: what is there to fear from something so small?,” Nature, vol. 426, no. 6968, p. 750, Dec. 2003.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

G. Song and W. Zhang, “First-principles study on the phase diagram and multiferroic properties of (SrCoO3)1/(SrTiO3)1 superlattices,” Sci. Rep., vol. 4, p. 4564, Apr. 2014.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

A. J. Peters, S. X. Chen, and T. Komiyama, “Emergence of reproducible spatiotemporal activity during motor learning,” Nature, vol. 510, no. 7504, pp. 263–267, Jun. 2014.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

J. Chandrashekar, M. A. Hoon, N. J. P. Ryba, and C. S. Zuker, “The receptors and cells for mammalian taste,” Nature, vol. 444, no. 7117, pp. 288–294, Nov. 2006.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

C. Merritt, Process Steam Systems. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2015.

An edited book

[1]

G. P. P. Lima and F. Vianello, Eds., Food Quality, Safety and Technology. Vienna: Springer, 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

A. C. Nácul, M. Lajolo, and T. Givargis, “Interface-Centric Abstraction Level for Rapid Hardware/Software Integration,” in Applications of Specification and Design Languages for SoCs: Selected papers from FDL 2005, A. Vachoux, Ed., Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2006, pp. 83–99.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering.

Blog post

[1]

J. Davis, “Norwegian Hikers Encouraged To Collect Bear Poop,” IFLScience. Accessed: Oct. 30, 2018. [Online]. Available: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/norwegian-hikers-encouraged-collect-bear-poop/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, “COMPETES Reauthorization Act: Federal Loan Guarantees for Innovative Technologies in Manufacturing,” U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, GAO-13-717R, Jul. 2013.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

T. C. James, “African American Students in a California Community College: Perceptions of Cultural Congruity and Academic Self-Concept within a Black Culture Center,” Doctoral dissertation, Pepperdine University, Malibu, CA, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

T. J. Brennan, “Why Pot, Not Pills, Works for My T.B.I,” New York Times, p. A23, Sep. 01, 2017.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1], [2].
This sentence cites four references [1], [2], [3], [4].

About the journal

Full journal title	IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering
Abbreviation	IEEE Trans. Neural Syst. Rehabil. Eng.
ISSN (print)	1534-4320
Scope	Computer Science Applications Biomedical Engineering General Neuroscience