How to format your references using the Indian Journal of Medical Informatics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Indian Journal of Medical Informatics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Mazin II. Superconductivity gets an iron boost. Nature. 2010 Mar 11;464(7286):183–6.

A journal article with 2 authors

Volkow ND, Baler RD. Neuroscience. To stop or not to stop? Science. 2012 Feb 3;335(6068):546–8.

A journal article with 3 authors

Grafton RQ, Kompas T, Hilborn RW. Economics of overexploitation revisited. Science. 2007 Dec 7;318(5856):1601.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Baur JA, Zou Y, Shay JW, Wright WE. Telomere position effect in human cells. Science. 2001 Jun 15;292(5524):2075–7.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Mazze RS, Strock ES, Bergenstal RM, Criego A, Cuddihy R, Langer O, et al. Staged Diabetes Management. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell; 2011.

An edited book

Hawes JM, Glisan GB, editors. Proceedings of the 1987 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015. XXVIII, 534 p. 60 illus., 2 illus. in color. (Developments in Marketing Science: Proceedings of the Academy of Marketing Science).

A chapter in an edited book

Miller KB, Bergsten J. Predaceous Diving Beetle Sexual Systems. In: Yee DA, editor. Ecology, Systematics, and the Natural History of Predaceous Diving Beetles (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae). Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2014. p. 199–233.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Indian Journal of Medical Informatics.

Blog post

Andrew E. Child Camping At Yosemite National Park Contracts Plague [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/child-camping-yosemite-national-park-contracts-plague/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Information Technology Utilization by the Federal Government. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1989 Jun. Report No.: T-IMTEC-89-9.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

King GD. Public Works Directors’ Perceptions of the Effects of Stakeholders on Environmental Policies in California Cities [Doctoral dissertation]. [Phoenix, AZ]: University of Phoenix; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Gordon MR. Iraqi Forces Open a New Front Against ISIS in West Mosul. New York Times. 2017 May 4;A6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Indian Journal of Medical Informatics
ISSN (print)	0973-9254
ISSN (online)	0973-0397
Scope