How to format your references using the Indian Journal of Medical Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Indian Journal of Medical Research (IJMR). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Shonkoff JP. Protecting brains, not simply stimulating minds. Science 2011; 333 : 982–3.

A journal article with 2 authors

Fehr E, Rockenbach B. Detrimental effects of sanctions on human altruism. Nature 2003; 422 : 137–40.

A journal article with 3 authors

Schoener TW, Losos JB, Spiller DA. Island biogeography of populations: an introduced species transforms survival patterns. Science 2005; 310 : 1807–9.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Wang C-C, Lee J-C, Luo S-Y, Kulkarni SS, Huang Y-W, Lee C-C, et al. Regioselective one-pot protection of carbohydrates. Nature 2007; 446 : 896–9.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Promislow SD. Fundamentals of Actuarial Mathematics. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2010.

An edited book

Sumi A, Fukushi K, Hiramatsu A, editors. Adaptation and Mitigation Strategies for Climate Change. Tokyo: Springer Japan; 2010 XVIII, 336 p p.

A chapter in an edited book

Aldhalaan A, Menascé DA. Analytic Performance Modeling and Optimization of Live VM Migration. In: Balsamo MS, Knottenbelt WJ, Marin A, editors. Computer Performance Engineering: 10th European Workshop, EPEW 2013, Venice, Italy, September 16-17, 2013 Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2013 p. 28–42.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Indian Journal of Medical Research.

Blog post

Andrew D. It Turns Out Russia Is Not The Biggest Offender When It Comes To Doping At The Olympics. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/it-turns-out-russia-is-not-the-biggest-offender-when-it-comes-to-doping-at-the-olympics/, accessed on October 30, 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Next Generation Air Transportation System: Linking Test Facilities Can Help Leverage Resources and Improve Technology Transfer Efforts. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2011 Nov. Report No.: GAO-12-187T.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Hrivnak GA. Extending a model of leader -member exchange development: Individual and dyadic effects of personality, similarity and liking [Doctoral dissertation]. Washington, DC: George Washington University; 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Vecsey G. American Soccer Is Hitting the Right Notes. New York Times. 2010 : B14.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Indian Journal of Medical Research
Abbreviation	Indian J. Med. Res.
ISSN (print)	0971-5916
Scope	General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology General Medicine