How to format your references using the Indian Journal of Surgery citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Indian Journal of Surgery. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Socha JJ (2014) Applied Physics. Of snakes and robots. Science 346:160–161

A journal article with 2 authors

Braithwaite J, Spruit HC (2004) A fossil origin for the magnetic field in A stars and white dwarfs. Nature 431:819–821

A journal article with 3 authors

Pluth MD, Bergman RG, Raymond KN (2007) Acid catalysis in basic solution: a supramolecular host promotes orthoformate hydrolysis. Science 316:85–88

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Gil L, Fuentes-Utrilla P, Soto A, et al (2004) Phylogeography: English elm is a 2,000-year-old Roman clone. Nature 431:1053

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Zonnenshain A, Stauber S (2015) Managing and Engineering Complex Technological Systems. John Wiley & Sons, Inc, Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Brokate M (2015) Measure and Integral. Springer International Publishing, Cham

A chapter in an edited book

Yamanaka N, Hou Q-C, Du S (2014) Vegetation of the Loess Plateau. In: Tsunekawa A, Liu G, Yamanaka N, Du S (eds) Restoration and Development of the Degraded Loess Plateau, China. Springer Japan, Tokyo, pp 49–60

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Indian Journal of Surgery.

Blog post

O`Callaghan J (2015) Asteroid Impact May Have Intensified Volcanic Eruptions And Wiped Out The Dinosaurs. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1974) Expenditures of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration for Public Relations Activities. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Hernandez L (2009) A culturally sensitive mentorship program for foster youth: A grant proposal. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Walsh MW (2011) Cuts for the Already Retired. New York Times B1

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Indian Journal of Surgery
Abbreviation	Indian J. Surg.
ISSN (print)	0972-2068
ISSN (online)	0973-9793
Scope	Surgery