How to format your references using the Indian Journal of Surgical Oncology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Indian Journal of Surgical Oncology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Howard K (2003) San Diego. Nature 426:689

A journal article with 2 authors

Barkman T, Zhang J (2009) Evidence for escape from adaptive conflict? Nature 462:E1; discussion E2-3

A journal article with 3 authors

Cossairt BM, Diawara M-C, Cummins CC (2009) Facile synthesis of AsP3. Science 323:602

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Hartig G, Churakov G, Warren WC, et al (2013) Retrophylogenomics place tarsiers on the evolutionary branch of anthropoids. Sci Rep 3:1756

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hao L, Lawrence J (2006) Laser Surface Treatment of Bio-Implant Materials. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK

An edited book

Díaz Lantada A (2016) Microsystems for Enhanced Control of Cell Behavior: Fundamentals, Design and Manufacturing Strategies, Applications and Challenges, 1st ed. 2016. Springer International Publishing, Cham

A chapter in an edited book

Tsekouras GE, Tsolakis DM (2013) Fuzzy Clustering-Based Vector Quantization for Image Compression. In: Chatterjee A, Siarry P (eds) Computational Intelligence in Image Processing. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 93–105

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Indian Journal of Surgical Oncology.

Blog post

Andrews R (2017) Study Linking “Everyday Chemicals” To Cancer Has Been Completely Misrepresented. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/study-everyday-chemicals-cancer-completely-misrepresented/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2013) Rail Safety: Improved Human Capital Planning Could Address Emerging Safety Oversight Challenges. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Decena M (2010) What variables affect Peritoneal Dialysis growth? Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly DA (2004) 36 Hours | Portsmouth, N.H. New York Times F5

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Indian Journal of Surgical Oncology
Abbreviation	Indian J. Surg. Oncol.
ISSN (print)	0975-7651
ISSN (online)	0976-6952
Scope	Oncology Surgery