How to format your references using the Infection Prevention in Practice citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Infection Prevention in Practice. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Buratowski S. Gene expression: transcription initiation unwrapped. Nature 2012;483:286–7.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Cushing MC, Anseth KS. Materials science. Hydrogel cell cultures. Science 2007;316:1133–4.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Poulsen CJ, Tabor C, White JD. CLIMATE CHANGE. Long-term climate forcing by atmospheric oxygen concentrations. Science 2015;348:1238–41.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Carter AP, Garbarino JE, Wilson-Kubalek EM, Shipley WE, Cho C, Milligan RA, et al. Structure and functional role of dynein’s microtubule-binding domain. Science 2008;322:1691–5.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Aronson DR. Evidence-Based Technical Analysis. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2006.

An edited book

[1]

Ahmad SI, editor. Neurodegenerative Diseases. vol. 724. New York, NY: Springer US; 2012.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Morel M. Model-Based Safety Approach for Early Validation of Integrated and Modular Avionics Architectures. In: Ortmeier F, Rauzy A, editors. Model-Based Safety and Assessment: 4th International Symposium, IMBSA 2014, Munich, Germany, October 27-29, 2014. Proceedings, Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2014, p. 57–69.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Infection Prevention in Practice.

Blog post

[1]

Carpineti A. Astronomers Find Quasar With Temperatures Hotter Than Thought Possible. IFLScience 2017. https://www.iflscience.com/space/astronomers-find-quasar-with-temperatures-hotter-than-thought-possible/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. NASA Property: Improving Management of Government Equipment Provided to Contractors. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1993.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Schaper P. Meaning making: Learning in whistle blowing. Doctoral dissertation. George Washington University, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Bennhold K. In Merkel, a Lofty Symbol for German Women, but an Anomaly. New York Times 2017:A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Infection Prevention in Practice
ISSN (print)	2590-0889
Scope