How to format your references using the Infectious Disease Clinics of North America citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Infectious Disease Clinics of North America (IDC). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Goldston D. The new boss in town. Nature 2009;457(7225):17.

A journal article with 2 authors

Davies NB., Welbergen JA. Social transmission of a host defense against cuckoo parasitism. Science 2009;324(5932):1318–20.

A journal article with 3 authors

Gershenfeld N., Samouhos S., Nordman B. Engineering. Intelligent infrastructure for energy efficiency. Science 2010;327(5969):1086–8.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Cissé M., Halabisky B., Harris J., et al. Reversing EphB2 depletion rescues cognitive functions in Alzheimer model. Nature 2011;469(7328):47–52.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Davis M., McKimm J., Forrest K. How to Assess Doctors and Health Professionals. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2013.

An edited book

Nakatani K., Tor Y. Modified Nucleic Acids. vol. 31. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

Viscusi G., Batini C., Mecella M. State Reconstruction. In: Batini C, and Mecella M, editors. Information Systems for eGovernment: A Quality-of-Service Perspective. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2010. p. 75–98.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Infectious Disease Clinics of North America.

Blog post

Andrew E. Doctors Bow After 11-Year-Old Brain Tumor Patient Donates Organs. IFLScience. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/doctors-bow-after-11-year-old-brain-tumor-patient-donates-organs/. Accessed October 30, 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Immigration and Naturalization Service’s Survey of Illegal Aliens and Alien Documentation, Identification and Telecommunication System. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1979.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Rodriguez JM. Navy Supply Corps officer’s perspective on effective leadership. Doctoral dissertation, University of Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Gates A. A Showman, His Stage Life and His Unhappy End. New York Times 2017:C6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Infectious Disease Clinics of North America
Abbreviation	Infect. Dis. Clin. North Am.
ISSN (print)	0891-5520
ISSN (online)	1557-9824
Scope	Infectious Diseases Microbiology (medical)