How to format your references using the Information and Computation citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Information and Computation. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

V. Pokrovsky, Science policy. Russia targets Western ties, Science 349 (2015) 224–225.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

E.T. Kiers, S.A. West, Evolutionary biology. Evolving new organisms via symbiosis, Science 348 (2015) 392–394.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

A. Amunts, O. Drory, N. Nelson, The structure of a plant photosystem I supercomplex at 3.4 A resolution, Nature 447 (2007) 58–63.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

C.-H. Lee, A. Chawla, N. Urbiztondo, D. Liao, W.A. Boisvert, R.M. Evans, L.K. Curtiss, Transcriptional repression of atherogenic inflammation: modulation by PPARdelta, Science 302 (2003) 453–457.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

D.A. Vaccari, P.F. Strom, J.E. Alleman, Environmental Biology for Engineers and Scientists, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, 2005.

An edited book

[1]

M. Raman, Probiotics and Bioactive Carbohydrates in Colon Cancer Management, Springer India, New Delhi, 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

J.M. Bidlack, J.L. Mathews, The Chemistry and Pharmacology of μ-Opioid Antagonists, in: R.L. Dean, E.J. Bilsky, S.S. Negus (Eds.), Opiate Receptors and Antagonists: From Bench to Clinic, Humana Press, Totowa, NJ, 2009: pp. 83–97.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Information and Computation.

Blog post

[1]

A. Carpineti, Young Stars Might Help Make Organic Molecules, IFLScience (2016). https://www.iflscience.com/space/young-stars-might-help-make-organic-molecules/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, GSA’s Effort to Develop Year 2000 Business Continuity and Contingency Plans for Telecommunications Systems, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1999.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

L. Allard, Exposure to Low-Level Ionizing Radiation and Risk of Leukemia and Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma in Participants of the Fernald Medical Monitoring Program, Doctoral dissertation, University of Cincinnati, 2006.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

J. Wagner, Victory for Morale Precedes an Actual Loss, New York Times (2017) SP8.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Information and Computation
Abbreviation	Inf. Comput.
ISSN (print)	0890-5401
Scope	Computational Theory and Mathematics Computer Science Applications Information Systems Theoretical Computer Science