How to format your references using the Information Technology and Management citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Information Technology and Management. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Morse SS (2008) Retrospective: Joshua Lederberg (1925-2008). Science 319:1351

A journal article with 2 authors

Gaffney KJ, Chapman HN (2007) Imaging atomic structure and dynamics with ultrafast x-ray scattering. Science 316:1444–1448

A journal article with 3 authors

Visel A, Rubin EM, Pennacchio LA (2009) Genomic views of distant-acting enhancers. Nature 461:199–205

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Yapici N, Kim Y-J, Ribeiro C, Dickson BJ (2008) A receptor that mediates the post-mating switch in Drosophila reproductive behaviour. Nature 451:33–37

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Blundell A, Harrison R, Turney B (2010) The Essential Guide to Becoming a Doctor. Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, UK

An edited book

Rehm G, Uszkoreit H (2012) The Basque Language in the Digital Age. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Benson E, Marcus A, Howahl F, Karger D (2010) Talking about Data: Sharing Richly Structured Information through Blogs and Wikis. In: Patel-Schneider PF, Pan Y, Hitzler P, et al (eds) The Semantic Web – ISWC 2010: 9th International Semantic Web Conference, ISWC 2010, Shanghai, China, November 7-11, 2010, Revised Selected Papers, Part I. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 48–63

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Information Technology and Management.

Blog post

Taub B (2016) Earthquake-Proof Coconut Houses Could Protect Against Natural Disasters. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/technology/earthquake-proof-coconut-houses-could-protect-against-natural-disaster/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1987) FAA’s Air Traffic Controller Staffing Standards. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Shina YE (2013) Youth under the care of the child welfare and juvenile justice systems: A grant proposal for crossover youth. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Burghardt LF (2006) In Great Neck, a Debate On Firefighter Housing. New York Times 14LI2

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Information Technology and Management
Abbreviation	Inf. Technol. Manag.
ISSN (print)	1385-951X
ISSN (online)	1573-7667
Scope	Business, Management and Accounting (miscellaneous) Information Systems Communication