How to format your references using the INFORMS Transactions on Education citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for INFORMS Transactions on Education. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Anderson BL (2012) Psychology. Bird-brained illusionists. Science 335(6066):292–293.

A journal article with 2 authors

Mitchell-Olds T, Knight CA (2002) Evolution. Chaperones as buffering agents? Science 296(5577):2348–2349.

A journal article with 3 authors

Gibbs KA, Urbanowski ML, Greenberg EP (2008) Genetic determinants of self identity and social recognition in bacteria. Science 321(5886):256–259.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Woods CJ, Malaisree M, Long B, McIntosh-Smith S, Mulholland AJ (2013) Computational assay of H7N9 influenza neuraminidase reveals R292K mutation reduces drug binding affinity. Sci. Rep. 3:3561.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Ford I (2013) Statistical Physics (John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK).

An edited book

Moriarty TF, Zaat SAJ, Busscher HJ eds. (2013) Biomaterials Associated Infection: Immunological Aspects and Antimicrobial Strategies (Springer, New York, NY).

A chapter in an edited book

Aral A, Gupta V, Agarwal RP (2013) q-Bernstein-Type Integral Operators. Gupta V, Agarwal RP, eds. Applications of q-Calculus in Operator Theory (Springer, New York, NY), 113–144.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for INFORMS Transactions on Education.

Blog post

Andrew D (2017) The Single Best Type Of Exercise For Your Brain, According To Scientists. IFLScience. Retrieved (October 30, 2018), https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/the-single-best-type-of-exercise-for-your-brain-according-to-scientists/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1998) Air Traffic Control: Status of FAA’s Modernization Program (U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC).

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Young JL (2010) A community college’s loss of accreditation: A case study. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Vecsey G (2010) For Musial, A Birthday And A Medal. New York Times (November 21).

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Anderson 2012).
This sentence cites two references (Mitchell-Olds and Knight 2002, Anderson 2012).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Mitchell-Olds and Knight 2002)
Three or more authors: (Woods et al. 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	INFORMS Transactions on Education
ISSN (online)	1532-0545
Scope