How to format your references using the Injury Prevention citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Injury Prevention. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Cole-Turner R. Genome-sequencing anniversary. What defines us? Science. 2011;331:548.

A journal article with 2 authors

Royer S, Paré D. Conservation of total synaptic weight through balanced synaptic depression and potentiation. Nature. 2003;422:518–22.

A journal article with 3 authors

Bowler C, Karl DM, Colwell RR. Microbial oceanography in a sea of opportunity. Nature. 2009;459:180–4.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Mitchell DG, Brandt PC, Roelof EC, et al. Energetic neutral atom emissions from Titan interaction with Saturn’s magnetosphere. Science. 2005;308:989–92.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Kaul S, Ali F, Janakiram S, et al. Business Models for Sustainable Telecoms Growth in Developing Economies. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd 2008.

An edited book

Valcke S. Earth System Modelling - Volume 3: Coupling Software and Strategies. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer 2012.

A chapter in an edited book

Duckham M, Kulik L, Birtley A. A Spatiotemporal Model of Strategies and Counter Strategies for Location Privacy Protection. In: Raubal M, Miller HJ, Frank AU, et al., eds. Geographic Information Science: 4th International Conference, GIScience 2006, Münster, Germany, September 20-23, 2006. Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer 2006:47–64.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Injury Prevention.

Blog post

O`Callaghan J. Rare Double Star System Seen In Final Death Throes Before It Explodes. IFLScience. 2015. https://www.iflscience.com/space/rare-double-star-system-seen-final-death-throes-it-explodes/ (accessed 30 October 2018)

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. USDA Systems Modernization: Management and Oversight Improvements Are Needed. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office 2011.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Gurska DP. Peering Down the Bottomless Well: Myth in Thomas Mann’s Joseph Tetralogy. 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Walsh MW. Puerto Rico Aims to Appease Congress With a New Proposal on Its Debt. New York Times. 2016;B3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Injury Prevention
Abbreviation	Inj. Prev.
ISSN (print)	1353-8047
ISSN (online)	1475-5785
Scope	Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health