How to format your references using the Internal and Emergency Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Internal and Emergency Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Smetacek V (2002) Balance: mind-grasping gravity. Nature 415:481

A journal article with 2 authors

Canfield DE, Kump LR (2013) Geochemistry. Carbon cycle makeover. Science 339:533–534

A journal article with 3 authors

Collins FS, Gray GM, Bucher JR (2008) Toxicology. Transforming environmental health protection. Science 319:906–907

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Semmens JM, Payne NL, Huveneers C, et al (2013) Feeding requirements of white sharks may be higher than originally thought. Sci Rep 3:1471

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Islam MR, Speight JG (2016) Peak Energy: Myth or Reality? John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Dick AJ (2016) Prison Vocational Education and Policy in the United States: A Critical Perspective on Evidence-Based Reform. Palgrave Macmillan US, New York, NY

A chapter in an edited book

Thobaben JR (2006) Holy Knowing: A Wesleyan Epistemology. In: Cherry MJ (ed) The death of metaphysics; the death of culture: Epistemology, Metaphysics, and Morality. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp 99–132

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Internal and Emergency Medicine.

Blog post

Luntz S (2017) Seawater Can Reach Right To The Edge Of The Earth’s Core. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/physics/seawater-can-reach-right-to-the-edge-of-the-earths-core/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1994) Regulatory Flexibility in Schools: What Happens When Schools Are Allowed to Change the Rules? U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Lowden MR (2008) Genesis of end-to-end chromosome fusions. Doctoral dissertation, University of North Carolina

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Philpott ML (2017) Finding What I Need at the Mall. New York Times SR10

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Internal and Emergency Medicine
Abbreviation	Intern. Emerg. Med.
ISSN (print)	1828-0447
ISSN (online)	1970-9366
Scope	Emergency Medicine Internal Medicine