How to format your references using the International Affairs Forum citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Affairs Forum. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Casti, J. L. (2001). Formally speaking. Nature, 411(6837), 527.

A journal article with 2 authors

Holt, C. E., & Bullock, S. L. (2009). Subcellular mRNA localization in animal cells and why it matters. Science (New York, N.Y.), 326(5957), 1212–1216.

A journal article with 3 authors

Ford, E. B., Lystad, V., & Rasio, F. A. (2005). Planet-planet scattering in the upsilon Andromedae system. Nature, 434(7035), 873–876.

A journal article with 21 or more authors

Stanfield, R. L., Dooley, H., Flajnik, M. F., & Wilson, I. A. (2004). Crystal structure of a shark single-domain antibody V region in complex with lysozyme. Science (New York, N.Y.), 305(5691), 1770–1773.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Gauthier, M., Andreff, N., & Dombre, E. (2014). Intracorporeal Robotics. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Bognár, G., & Tóth, T. (Eds.). (2014). Applied Information Science, Engineering and Technology: Selected Topics from the Field of Production Information Engineering and IT for Manufacturing: Theory and Practice (Vol. 7). Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Davitashvili, N., & Bakhshaliev, V. (2016). Research of Operational Characteristics Problem (Cracks Formation) of Crank-Piston Mechanism. In V. Bakhshaliev (Ed.), Dynamics of Crank-Piston Mechanisms (pp. 95–103). Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Affairs Forum.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2015, October 13). Why It Matters That Student Participation In Maths And Science Is Declining. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/why-it-matters-student-participation-maths-and-science-declining/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1982). Discontinuance of Social Security Student Benefits (117523). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Robles, B. (2009). Academic achievement among foster care children with a disability: A grant proposal [Doctoral dissertation]. California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Pastan, L. (2015, October 9). The Bridge. New York Times, MM28.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Casti, 2001).
This sentence cites two references (Casti, 2001; Holt & Bullock, 2009).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Holt & Bullock, 2009)
Three or more authors: (Stanfield et al., 2004)

About the journal

Full journal title	International Affairs Forum
Abbreviation	Int. Aff. For.
ISSN (print)	2325-8020
ISSN (online)	2325-8047
Scope