How to format your references using the International Emergency Nursing citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Emergency Nursing. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Vastag B. Assembly work. Nature 2008;453:422–3.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

De Tomaso AW, Weissman IL. Evolution of a protochordate allorecognition locus. Science 2004;303:977.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Truog RD, Kesselheim AS, Joffe S. Research ethics. Paying patients for their tissue: the legacy of Henrietta Lacks. Science 2012;337:37–8.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Drayna D, Manichaikul A, de Lange M, Snieder H, Spector T. Genetic correlates of musical pitch recognition in humans. Science 2001;291:1969–72.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Liphard KG. Labormanagement. D-69451 Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH; 2014.

An edited book

[1]

Bossong R, Carrapico H, editors. EU Borders and Shifting Internal Security: Technology, Externalization and Accountability. 1st ed. 2016. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Strange H, Zwiggelaar R. Intrinsic Dimensionality. In: Zwiggelaar R, editor. Open Problems in Spectral Dimensionality Reduction, Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2014, p. 41–52.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Emergency Nursing.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew E. Should Dying Patients Have The Right To Access Experimental Treatments? IFLScience 2014. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/should-dying-patients-have-right-access-experimental-treatments/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Air Traffic Control: Justifications for Capital Investments Need Strengthening. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1993.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Ashrafzadeh MH. Provision of community services for the mentally challenged population in Iran. Doctoral dissertation. University of Phoenix, 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Rothenberg B. Youth Retreats as Women’s Draw Highlights an Age of Thirtysomethings. New York Times 2017:D3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	International Emergency Nursing
Abbreviation	Int. Emerg. Nurs.
ISSN (print)	1755-599X
Scope	Emergency