How to format your references using the International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Triendl R. Reactor refit ignites debate on Japan’s fusion strategy. Nature 2000; 407(6804):549.

A journal article with 2 authors

McEvoy MA, Correll N. Materials science. Materials that couple sensing, actuation, computation, and communication. Science (New York, N.Y.) 2015; 347(6228):1261689.

A journal article with 3 authors

Martignoli S, Gomez F, Stoop R. Pitch sensation involves stochastic resonance. Scientific reports 2013; 3:2676.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Zhang F, Zhang Y, Ding J, Dai K, van Loosdrecht MCM, Zeng RJ. Stable acetate production in extreme-thermophilic (70°C) mixed culture fermentation by selective enrichment of hydrogenotrophic methanogens. Scientific reports 2014; 4:5268.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Rodgers N. Learning to Reason. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2000.

An edited book

Mulser P. High Power Laser-Matter Interaction. (Bauer D, ed). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2010.

A chapter in an edited book

Hanif S, van Lon RRS, Gui N, Holvoet T. Delegate MAS for Large Scale and Dynamic PDP: A Case Study. In: Brazier FMT, Nieuwenhuis K, Pavlin G, Warnier M, Badica C, eds. Intelligent Distributed Computing V: Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Intelligent Distributed Computing – IDC 2011, Delft, The Netherlands – October 2011. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2012:23–33.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering.

Blog post

Andrew D. Watch The Fight Between A Mongoose And A Cobra. IFLScience September 16, 2015. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/mongoose-vs-cobra/. Accessed October 30, 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. NextGen Air Transportation System: FAA Has Made Some Progress in Midterm Implementation, but Ongoing Challenges Limit Expected Benefits. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2013.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Kirk C. Early Maladaptive Attachment Styles and Psychological Aggression in Romantic Relationships: A Content Analysis, 2006-2016. 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Shpigel B. Rookies Impressed in N.F.L.’s Week 1. Don’t Get Too Excited. New York Times. September 11, 2017:B11.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering
Abbreviation	Int. j. numer. method. biomed. eng.
ISSN (print)	2040-7939
ISSN (online)	2040-7947
Scope	Molecular Biology Computational Theory and Mathematics Software Biomedical Engineering Applied Mathematics Modelling and Simulation