How to format your references using the International Journal of Early Childhood citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Early Childhood (IJEC). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Hilton, D. (2013). Australian science needs more female fellows. Nature, 497(7447), 7.

A journal article with 2 authors

Aitken, R. J., & Marshall Graves, J. A. (2002). The future of sex. Nature, 415(6875), 963.

A journal article with 3 authors

Bloom, D. E., Canning, D., & Fink, G. (2008). Urbanization and the wealth of nations. Science (New York, N.Y.), 319(5864), 772–775.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Fairman, M. E., Maroney, P. A., Wang, W., Bowers, H. A., Gollnick, P., Nilsen, T. W., & Jankowsky, E. (2004). Protein displacement by DExH/D “RNA helicases” without duplex unwinding. Science (New York, N.Y.), 304(5671), 730–734.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Weiss, J. (2016). Handbook of Ion Chromatography. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.

An edited book

Kobyliński, A., & Sobczak, A. (Eds.). (2013). Perspectives in Business Informatics Research: 12th International Conference, BIR 2013, Warsaw, Poland, September 23-25, 2013. Proceedings (Vol. 158). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Kao, Y., & Chen, M. (2013). Solving the CVRP Problem Using a Hybrid PSO Approach. In K. Madani, A. Dourado, A. Rosa, & J. Filipe (Eds.), Computational Intelligence: Revised and Selected Papers of the International Joint Conference, IJCCI 2011, Paris, France, October 24-26, 2011 (pp. 59–67). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Early Childhood.

Blog post

Davis, J. (2016, October 17). Russia Plans To Cull 100,000 Reindeer To Prevent Spread Of “Zombie” Anthrax. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/russia-plans-to-cull-100000-reindeer-to-prevent-spread-of-zombie-anthrax/. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2000). SBA Loan Monitoring System: Substantial Progress Yet Key Risks and Challenges Remain (No. T-AIMD-00-113). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Stephens, A. H. (2012). William Harold Fletcher (b. 1923): His life and career in music education at Oklahoma Christian University, 1950–2012 (Doctoral dissertation). University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Conklin, K. (2005, January 9). Honest Work, Honest Pay. New York Times, p. 14NJ15.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Hilton 2013).
This sentence cites two references (Aitken and Marshall Graves 2002; Hilton 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Aitken and Marshall Graves 2002)
Three or more authors: (Fairman et al. 2004)

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Early Childhood
Abbreviation	Int. J. Early Child.
ISSN (print)	0020-7187
ISSN (online)	1878-4658
Scope	Developmental and Educational Psychology Education