How to format your references using the International Journal of Earth Sciences citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Earth Sciences. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Teich AH (2000) Data for an election year. Science 289:1878b

A journal article with 2 authors

Fedorka KM, Mousseau TA (2004) Female mating bias results in conflicting sex-specific offspring fitness. Nature 429:65–67

A journal article with 3 authors

Chevrier V, Poulet F, Bibring J-P (2007) Early geochemical environment of Mars as determined from thermodynamics of phyllosilicates. Nature 448:60–63

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Bottke WF Jr, Vokrouhlický D, Broz M, et al (2001) Dynamical spreading of asteroid families by the Yarkovsky effect. Science 294:1693–1696

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Lane D (2011) The Chief Information Officer’s Body of Knowledge. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Lajtha A, Oja SS, Schousboe A, Saransaari P (eds) (2007) Handbook of Neurochemistry and Molecular Neurobiology: Amino Acids and Peptides in the Nervous System. Springer US, Boston, MA

A chapter in an edited book

Tariq A, Shaukat A, Khan SA (2012) A Gaussian Mixture Model Based System for Detection of Macula in Fundus Images. In: Huang T, Zeng Z, Li C, Leung CS (eds) Neural Information Processing: 19th International Conference, ICONIP 2012, Doha, Qatar, November 12-15, 2012, Proceedings, Part II. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 33–40

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Earth Sciences.

Blog post

Andrew E (2014) Man Swims Near Shark in Sydney Harbor: Real or Hoax? In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/man-swims-near-shark-sydney-harbor-real-or-hoax/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1974) Basis for Approval of Federal Impact Aid Funds for Adelanto School District, California. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Ward S (2009) Historiography, prophecy, and literature: “Divina retribución” and its underlying ideological agenda. Doctoral dissertation, Indiana University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Weiser B, Schwirtz M (2017) Prison Guards Will Not Be Charged in an Inmate’s Death in 2015, Prosecutors Say. New York Times A15

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Teich 2000).
This sentence cites two references (Teich 2000; Fedorka and Mousseau 2004).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Fedorka and Mousseau 2004)
Three or more authors: (Bottke et al. 2001)

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Earth Sciences
Abbreviation	Geol. Rundsch.
ISSN (print)	1437-3254
ISSN (online)	1437-3262
Scope	General Earth and Planetary Sciences