How to format your references using the International Journal of Education and Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Education and Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Nabel, G. J. (2001). Challenges and opportunities for development of an AIDS vaccine. Nature, 410(6831), 1002–1007.

A journal article with 2 authors

Remondes, M., & Schuman, E. M. (2002). Direct cortical input modulates plasticity and spiking in CA1 pyramidal neurons. Nature, 416(6882), 736–740.

A journal article with 3 authors

Castro-Camus, E., Palomar, M., & Covarrubias, A. A. (2013). Leaf water dynamics of Arabidopsis thaliana monitored in-vivo using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. Scientific Reports, 3, 2910.

A journal article with 21 or more authors

Ressler, K. J., Mercer, K. B., Bradley, B., Jovanovic, T., Mahan, A., Kerley, K., Norrholm, S. D., Kilaru, V., Smith, A. K., Myers, A. J., Ramirez, M., Engel, A., Hammack, S. E., Toufexis, D., Braas, K. M., Binder, E. B., & May, V. (2011). Post-traumatic stress disorder is associated with PACAP and the PAC1 receptor. Nature, 470(7335), 492–497.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Maidl, B., Herrenknecht, M., Maidl, U., & Wehrmeyer, G. (2011). Maschineller Tunnelbau im Schildvortrieb. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.

An edited book

Berlot, G., & Pozzato, G. (Eds.). (2015). Hematologic Problems in the Critically Ill. Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Greenwood, D., & Sommerville, I. (2013). Expectations and Reality: Why an Enterprise Software System Did Not Work as Planned. In R. Pooley, J. Coady, C. Schneider, H. Linger, C. Barry, & M. Lang (Eds.), Information Systems Development: Reflections, Challenges and New Directions (pp. 51–62). Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Education and Research.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2014, November 13). Should Dying Patients Have The Right To Access Experimental Treatments? IFLScience. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1982). Managing Host Country Contracting Activities (ID-82-42). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Visweswaran, K. (2017). Face Recognition Technique for Blurred/Unclear Images [Doctoral dissertation]. California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Leland, J. (2017, March 31). The Blink of an Eye. New York Times, MB7.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Nabel, 2001).
This sentence cites two references (Nabel, 2001; Remondes & Schuman, 2002).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Remondes & Schuman, 2002)
Three or more authors: (Ressler et al., 2011)

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Education and Research
ISSN (print)	2411-5681
Scope