How to format your references using the International Journal of Food Contamination citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Food Contamination. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Miller JS. Obituary: Donald E. Osterbrock (1924-2007). Nature. 2007 Apr 19;446(7138):870.

A journal article with 2 authors

Ignés-Mullol J, Schwartz DK. Shear-induced molecular precession in a hexatic Langmuir monolayer. Nature. 2001 Mar 15;410(6826):348–51.

A journal article with 3 authors

Park S, Vohs JM, Gorte RJ. Direct oxidation of hydrocarbons in a solid-oxide fuel cell. Nature. 2000 Mar 16;404(6775):265–7.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Zhang H, Gu H, Yan F, Wang N, Wei Y, Xu J, et al. Direct characterization of bulk samples by internal extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Sci. Rep. 2013;3:2495.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Allan D, Bragg N. 802.1aq Shortest Path Bridging Design and Evolution. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2012.

An edited book

Chen Z-S. The Soils of Taiwan. Hseu Z-Y, Tsai C-C, editors. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

Benešová V, Bojar O. Czech Verbs of Communication and the Extraction of Their Frames. In: Sojka P, Kopeček I, Pala K, editors. Text, Speech and Dialogue: 9th International Conference, TSD 2006, Brno, Czech Republic, September 11-15, 2006. Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2006. p. 29–36.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Food Contamination.

Blog post

Luntz S. Being In Nature Benefits Health - But How? [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/being-nature-benefits-health-how/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Space Station: Plans to Expand Research Community Do Not Match Available Resources. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1994 Nov. Report No.: NSIAD-95-33.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Sahib SS. Numerical solutions of Maxwell’s equations in 1D, 2D, and 3D via the finite element method [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

St. John Kelly E. PLAYING IN THE NEIGHBORHOOD. New York Times. 1994 Mar 20;1312.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Miller 2007).
This sentence cites two references (Ignés-Mullol and Schwartz 2001; Miller 2007).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Ignés-Mullol and Schwartz 2001)
Three or more authors: (Zhang et al. 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Food Contamination
Abbreviation	Int. J. Food Contam.
ISSN (online)	2196-2804
Scope