How to format your references using the International Journal of Geo-Engineering citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Geo-Engineering. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Smaglik P (2003) Redressing the balance. Nature 424:593

A journal article with 2 authors

Haldane AG, May RM (2011) Systemic risk in banking ecosystems. Nature 469:351–355

A journal article with 3 authors

Perrachione TK, Del Tufo SN, Gabrieli JDE (2011) Human voice recognition depends on language ability. Science 333:595

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Brandman O, Ferrell JE Jr, Li R, Meyer T (2005) Interlinked fast and slow positive feedback loops drive reliable cell decisions. Science 310:496–498

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Dimitriadis G (2017) Introduction to Nonlinear Aeroelasticity. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK

An edited book

Proulx T (2011) Optical Measurements, Modeling, and Metrology, Volume 5: Proceedings of the 2011 Annual Conference on Experimental and Applied Mechanics. Springer, New York, NY

A chapter in an edited book

Barra M (2008) Pure Iteration and Periodicity. In: Beckmann A, Dimitracopoulos C, Löwe B (eds) Logic and Theory of Algorithms: 4th Conference on Computability in Europe, CiE 2008, Athens, Greece, June 15-20, 2008 Proceedings. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 42–51

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Geo-Engineering.

Blog post

Hamilton K (2017) Climate Change And Poverty Are As Much Of A Threat As Terrorism For Many Young People. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/climate-change-and-poverty-are-as-much-of-a-threat-as-terrorism-for-many-young-people/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1992) Unsupported Adjustments. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Kaplan JW (2014) Not a sonata: A conception of Sonata-Allegro form and a consideration of two marimba works from a Langerian perspective. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Atlas J (2017) Headed for the Graveyard of Books. New York Times BR21

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Geo-Engineering
ISSN (print)	2092-9196
ISSN (online)	2198-2783
Scope