How to format your references using the International Journal of Leadership in Education citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Leadership in Education. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Goldston, D. (2008). Hazy reasoning behind clean air. Nature, 452(7187), 519.

A journal article with 2 authors

Senn, D. B., & Hemond, H. F. (2002). Nitrate controls on iron and arsenic in an urban lake. Science (New York, N.Y.), 296(5577), 2373–2376.

A journal article with 3 authors

Li, B., Yu, Z.-H., & Fei, S.-M. (2013). Geometry of quantum computation with qutrits. Scientific Reports, 3, 2594.

A journal article with 21 or more authors

Krawczyk, M., Milkiewicz, M., Marschall, H.-U., Bartz, C., Grünhage, F., Wunsch, E., Milkiewicz, P., & Lammert, F. (2014). Variant adiponutrin confers genetic protection against cholestatic itch. Scientific Reports, 4, 6374.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Stein, P. D. (2016). Pulmonary Embolism. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Sawai, H. (Ed.). (2011). Biological Functions for Information and Communication Technologies: Theory and Inspiration (Vol. 320). Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Abo, M., & Kakuda, W. (2015). rTMS for Lower Limb Hemiparesis after Stroke. In W. Kakuda (Ed.), Rehabilitation with rTMS (pp. 109–126). Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Leadership in Education.

Blog post

Luntz, S. (2017, May 16). Folk Contraceptive “Thunder God Vine” Contains Chemicals That Really Prevent Conception. IFLScience. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1982). DOD Instruction 5000.5X, Standard Instruction Set Architectures for Embedded Computers (MASAD-82-16). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Roche, W. A. (2006). The Structure and Grounding of Epistemic Justification [Doctoral dissertation]. Ohio State University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Carey Goldberg With. (2000, December 16). Russia’s Doctors Are Beggars At Work, Paupers at Home. New York Times, A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Goldston, 2008).
This sentence cites two references (Goldston, 2008; Senn & Hemond, 2002).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Senn & Hemond, 2002)
Three or more authors: (Krawczyk et al., 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Leadership in Education
Abbreviation	Int. J. Lead.. Educ.
ISSN (print)	1360-3124
ISSN (online)	1464-5092
Scope	Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) Strategy and Management Education