How to format your references using the International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Burns, C. J. (2005). Chemistry. Bridging a gap in actinide chemistry. Science (New York, N.Y.), 309(5742), 1823–1824.

A journal article with 2 authors

Pomerantz, R. T., & O’Donnell, M. (2010). Direct restart of a replication fork stalled by a head-on RNA polymerase. Science (New York, N.Y.), 327(5965), 590–592.

A journal article with 3 authors

Hamilton, M. J., Walker, R. S., & Kesler, D. C. (2014). Crash and rebound of indigenous populations in lowland South America. Scientific reports, 4, 4541.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Weller, E., Cai, W., Min, S.-K., Wu, L., Ashok, K., & Yamagata, T. (2014). More-frequent extreme northward shifts of eastern Indian Ocean tropical convergence under greenhouse warming. Scientific reports, 4, 6087.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

de Almeida, J. P. M., & Maunder, E. A. W. (2017). Equilibrium Finite Element Formulations. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Hafler, J. P. (Ed.). (2011). Extraordinary Learning in the Workplace (Vol. 6). Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.

A chapter in an edited book

Cansev, M., & Wurtman, R. J. (2007). 4 Aromatic Amino Acids in the Brain. In A. Lajtha, S. S. Oja, A. Schousboe, & P. Saransaari (Eds.), Handbook of Neurochemistry and Molecular Neurobiology: Amino Acids and Peptides in the Nervous System (pp. 59–97). Boston, MA: Springer US.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2015, June 8). Desert Farms Could Power Flight With Sunshine And Seawater. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/desert-farms-could-power-flight-sunshine-and-seawater/. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2000). Aviation Security: Vulnerabilities Still Exist in the Aviation Security System (No. T-RCED/AIMD-00-142). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Perez, R. W. (2017). Stepping Stone or Stumbling Block? The Impact of Prior Military Service on Hiring Managers’ Perceptions of Warmth, Competence, and Hirability (Doctoral dissertation). Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville, IL.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Valerian, S. (2013, October 3). For a Brown, the Comeback Trail Leads Home. New York Times, p. B17.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Burns 2005).
This sentence cites two references (Burns 2005; Pomerantz and O’Donnell 2010).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Pomerantz and O’Donnell 2010)
Three or more authors: (Weller et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering
Abbreviation	Int. J. Mech. Mater. Eng.
ISSN (print)	1823-0334
ISSN (online)	2198-2791
Scope	Mechanical Engineering Mechanics of Materials General Materials Science