How to format your references using the International Journal of Multimedia Information Retrieval citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Multimedia Information Retrieval. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Willyard C (2012) Diagnosis: To catch a killer. Nature 489:S8-9

A journal article with 2 authors

Thrall PH, Burdon JJ (2003) Evolution of virulence in a plant host-pathogen metapopulation. Science 299:1735–1737

A journal article with 3 authors

Conard NJ, Malina M, Münzel SC (2009) New flutes document the earliest musical tradition in southwestern Germany. Nature 460:737–740

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Milde S, Fox AN, Freeman MR, Coleman MP (2013) Deletions within its subcellular targeting domain enhance the axon protective capacity of Nmnat2 in vivo. Sci Rep 3:2567

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Kharmanda G, El Hami A (2016) Reliability in Biomechanics. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Rustemeyer T, Elsner P, John S-M, Maibach HI (2012) Kanerva’s Occupational Dermatology, 2nd ed. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Heeager LT (2013) The Agile and the Disciplined Software Approaches: Combinable or Just Compatible? In: Pooley R, Coady J, Schneider C, et al (eds) Information Systems Development: Reflections, Challenges and New Directions. Springer, New York, NY, pp 35–49

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Multimedia Information Retrieval.

Blog post

Davis J (2016) These Weird Videos Could Prove That Apes Have “Theory Of Mind.” In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/these-weird-videos-could-prove-that-apes-have-theory-of-mind/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2005) DOD Schools: Limitations in DOD-Sponsored Study on Transfer Alternatives Underscore Need for Additional Assessment. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Gardina VJ (2008) Analysis of LiDAR data for fluvial geomorphic change detection at a small Maryland stream. Doctoral dissertation, University of Maryland, College Park

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly M (1992) THE TRANSITION: The President-Elect; CLINTON, SKETCHING PLAN FOR ECONOMY, COUNSELS PATIENCE. New York Times A1

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Multimedia Information Retrieval
Abbreviation	Int. J. Multimed. Inf. Retr.
ISSN (print)	2192-6611
ISSN (online)	2192-662X
Scope	Information Systems Media Technology Library and Information Sciences