How to format your references using the International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia (IJOA). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Pleasants S. Epidemiology: a moving target. Nature 2014;515(7526):S2-3.

A journal article with 2 authors

Bavelier D, Davidson RJ. Brain training: Games to do you good. Nature 2013;494(7438):425–6.

A journal article with 3 authors

Walker JJ, Spear JR, Pace NR. Geobiology of a microbial endolithic community in the Yellowstone geothermal environment. Nature 2005;434(7036):1011–4.

A journal article with 6 or more authors

Flores ER, Tsai KY, Crowley D, et al. p63 and p73 are required for p53-dependent apoptosis in response to DNA damage. Nature 2002;416(6880):560–4.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Likhtenshtein G. Solar Energy Conversion. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA; 2012.

An edited book

Du D. Fault Tolerant Control for Switched Linear Systems. vol. 21. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

Molina GA. Huemul – A Smalltalk Implementation. in: Hirschfeld R, Rose K, editors. Self-Sustaining Systems: First Workshop, S3 2008 Potsdam, Germany, May 15-16, 2008 Revised Selected Papers. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2008. pp. 54–73.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia.

Blog post

Andrew E. FDA Considering Releasing Genetically-Modified Mosquitos In Florida. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/fda-considering-releasing-genetically-modified-mosquitos-florida/ [accessed October 30, 2018].

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. National Science Foundation: Better Use of Existing Resources Could Improve Program Administration. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1994.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Sachdev NA. An Evaluation of the District of Columbia Summer Youth Employment Program. Doctoral dissertation, George Washington University, Washington, DC, 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

(nyt) SK. World Briefing | Europe: Russia: U.S. Rejects Allegations Of Spying. New York Times 2005:A2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia
Abbreviation	Int. J. Obstet. Anesth.
ISSN (print)	0959-289X
ISSN (online)	1532-3374
Scope	Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine Obstetrics and Gynaecology