How to format your references using the International Journal of Oral Science citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Oral Science. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

White JWC. Paleoclimate. Do I hear a million? Science. 2004;304(5677):1609-1610.

A journal article with 2 authors

Jain S, Bates FS. On the origins of morphological complexity in block copolymer surfactants. Science. 2003;300(5618):460-464.

A journal article with 3 authors

Jung H, Green HW II, Dobrzhinetskaya LF. Intermediate-depth earthquake faulting by dehydration embrittlement with negative volume change. Nature. 2004;428(6982):545-549.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Heit JJ, Apelqvist AA, Gu X, et al. Calcineurin/NFAT signalling regulates pancreatic beta-cell growth and function. Nature. 2006;443(7109):345-349.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Sofronas A. Case Histories in Vibration Analysis and Metal Fatigue for the Practicing Engineer. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2012.

An edited book

Bull AMJ, Clasper J, Mahoney PF, eds. Blast Injury Science and Engineering: A Guide for Clinicians and Researchers. 1st ed. 2016. Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

Jojczyk K, Pryczek M, Tomczyk A, Szczepaniak PS, Grzelak P. Cognitive Hierarchical Active Partitions Using Patch Approach. In: Bolc L, Tadeusiewicz R, Chmielewski LJ, Wojciechowski K, eds. Computer Vision and Graphics: International Conference, ICCVG 2010, Warsaw, Poland, September 20-22, 2010, Proceedings, Part I. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer; 2010:35-42.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Oral Science.

Blog post

Taub B. A Giraffe With The Same Skin Condition As Michael Jackson Has Been Spotted In Kenya. IFLScience. June 7, 2016. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/giraffe-same-condition-michael-jackson-spotted-kenya/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Highway Safety: Monitoring Practices To Show Compliance With Speed Limits Should Be Reexamined. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1988.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Frias-Martinez V. Behavior-Based Admission and Access Control for Network Security. Doctoral dissertation. Columbia University; 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Vecsey G. Granderson’s Catches Add to October Lore. New York Times. October 6, 2011:B15.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Oral Science
Abbreviation	Int. J. Oral Sci.
ISSN (print)	1674-2818
ISSN (online)	2049-3169
Scope	General Dentistry